Dari rehabilitasi menuju aksi advokasi evaluasi partisipatoris terhadap pelatihan pendampingan komunitas difabel di DIY

RAHMAN, Fathur, Prof.Drs. Koentjoro, M.BSc.,Ph.D

2006 | Tesis | S2 Psikologi (Psikologi Sosial)

Studi evaluatif terhadap pelatihan pendampingan komunitas difabel di DIY ditujukan untuk: 1) mendeskripsikan dampak materi dan metode pelatihan terhadap perubahan sikap dan kesadaran kritis pendamping difabel, 2). Mendeskripsikan lesson learned dan refleksi pengalaman pendamping terhadap pelatihan, 3). Mendeskripsikan bentuk‐bentuk rencana aksi (action plan) yang dilakukan oleh pendamping dalam upaya mensosialisasikan hasil‐hasil pelatihan. Pendekatan penelitian ini lebih mengutamakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dalam implementasinya. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi; dokumentasi (data yang diolah dan dianalisis memanfaatkan hasil dokumentasi angket evaluasi pelatihan), obervasi partisipan, wawancara semi terstruktur, dan diskusi kelompok terarah. Subjek yang dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 10 orang dan 3 diantaranya merupakan subjek wawancara yang merepresentasikan tiga profesi yang berbeda, yaitu guru SLB, relawan, dan konselor (guru pembimbing). Uji keabsahan data hasil penelitian dilakukan dengan model trianggulasi secara sumber atau metode penelitian. Data‐data yang diperoleh lalu dianalisis dan diinterpretasi secara alir dan interaktif. Adapun kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, yaitu pertama, materi dan metode pelatihan yang diterapkan dalam pelatihan memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap perubahan sikap pendamping yang cenderung setuju dengan pendampingan difabel berbasis advokasi. Selain itu, metode pelatihan yang bersifat andragogis dan membuka ruang partisipasi lebih besar bagi pendamping juga turut memberikan kontribusi nyata terhadap pemahaman dan sikap pendamping. Kedua, terkait dengan lesson learned dan refleksi pengalaman pendamping, partisipan pelatihan secara reflektif belajar lebih jauh tentang bagaimana ideologi cacat telah memarjinalkan difabel dan kelemahan rehabilitasi individual yang melanggengkan stigma pencacatan dalam masyarakat. Kecakapan yang dipelajari juga meliputi wawasan gender, keterampilan komunikasi, teknik‐teknik konseling dasar, dan model pendampingan paralegal yang berbasis kebijakan dan hukum. Ketiga, agenda aksi yang telah dilakukan meliputi sosialisasi, advokasi kebijakan, pembentukan tim kerja, dan konferensi kasus.

The general objective of this study is to promote advocacy approach in supporting different ability community in Yogyakarta, a new social support paradigm focusing on how to make environment more responsive to the different ability people’s need. More specifically the study is conducted to scrutinize the following problems; 1) to describe the impact of materials and training method on attitude changes and critical consciousness of difabel volunteers. 2) to explore the experience of volunteers by analizing their reflection on training program. 3) to describe the means of action plan and their implementation. The body of research procedures has been employed in this study. First of all, using a purposive model, the difabel support training was conducted by Dria Manunggal and Rifka Annisa has been chosen as the field of the study, ten respondents have been selected as the subject of research. Three of them were interviewed as the representation of three types of professional background; school counselor, teacher, and non‐profit organization volunteer. In accordance to the objectives of study and the findings expected, the design of this study was participatory evaluation using qualitative approach. Data tools collection consist of closed questionnaires, semi‐structured interviews, participant observation, and focus group discussion. The data analysis is employed with some necessary modification. The quantitative data resulted from questionnaires was analyzed using descriptive statistics, while the qualitative one was analyzed by using the interactive and flow model suggested by Miles & Huberman (1992). There are several conclusions that can be drawn from the study. The first conclusion is that the training program involved materials and participating training methods gave a positive contribution to the attitude change of volunteer in understanding of shifting paradigm of rehabilitation to advocacy. It can be seen at an integrated and cohesive system of training that is designed to interact each other. Second, research findings show that the volunteer learned something practical that connects to their everyday activities. because the learning is experiential as the difabel partner, they not only learn about counseling and paralegal skills but also they learn how disability and its stigmatization are structural. Third, the action plans and follow‐up program designed by volunteers can be concluded as one of successful indicators of training program. The action plans were conducted by volunteers includes dissemination activities, policy advocacy, building teamwork, & cases conference.

Kata Kunci : Disabilitas dan Difabilitas,Rehabilitasi,Advokasi, participatory evaluation, social support program based on advocacy, difabel