Tari Sang Hyang Legong Topeng :: Seni pertunjukan ritual dan sakral di Desa Ketewel serta sistem transmisinya

AGUS, I Gusti Komang Aryaprastya, Prof.Dr. R.M. Soedarsono

2006 | Tesis | S2 Pengkajian Seni Pertunjukan dan Seni Rupa

Tari Sang Hyang Legong Topeng merupakan tarian sakral yang terdapat di Desa Ketewel yang wajib dihadirkan dan dipertunjukkan sebagai sarana pengukuhan dalam upacara piodalan. Pengkajian tari ini dilatarbelakangi oleh dampak perubahan zaman yang menguji dan menantangnya untuk bisa tampil di luar konteks upacara piodalan. Selain itu eksistensinya sebagai seni pertunjukan ritual dan sakral masih tetap terjaga. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya proses pelestarian budaya yang dilakukan dalam bentuk sistem transmisi atau sistem peralihan budaya dari generasi tua ke generasi muda. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam tesis ini, yaitu: bagaimana asal usul, fungsi, makna, dan eksistensinya sebagai seni pertunjukan ritual dan sakral di Desa Ketewel serta sistem transmisinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Etnokoreologi yang dalam proses analisis datanya didukung juga dengan meminjam disiplin lain, yaitu: Sejarah, Antropologi, Sosiologi, Agama, Seni Pertunjukan, Ikonografi, dan Phisiognomi. Dalam analisis ragam gerak tarinya juga digunakan Notasi Laban. Dengan demikian penelitian ini dapat dikatakan sebagai pendekatan multidisiplin. Untuk teknik pengumpulan data dipergunakan studi pustaka, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis data diskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian ini mengemukakan bahwa asal usul tari Sang Hyang Legong Topeng di Desa Ketewel berdasarkan Babad Dalem, Babad Dalem Sukawati, dan Lontar Raja Purana Tattwa menyebutkan I Dewa Made Agung melegitimasi kehadiran tari ritual dan sakral di Desa Ketewel, yang tercipta berdasarkan dari hasil mimpinya. Kehadiran tari ini juga memberikan inspirasi kepada seniman tari di Bali untuk mencipta tari Legong yang ada sekarang. Tari Sang Hyang Legong Topeng memiliki fungsi sebagai sarana upacara piodalan dan sebagai sarana untuk penolak wabah penyakit. Makna dari tari ini di antaranya memiliki makna agama, makna budaya, makna sosial, dan makna pendidikan. Eksistensinya terjaga sebagai seni pertunjukan ritual dan sakral dikarenakan telah dibuat topeng tiruannya agar bisa tampil di luar konteks upacara piodalan. Ada tiga hal penting dalam sistem transmisi tari Sang Hyang Legong Topeng di Desa Ketewel, yaitu (1) Materi transmisi (2) Proses transmisi; dan (3) Transmisi nilainilai dalam tari Sang Hyang Legong Topeng.

Sang Hyang Legong Mask Dance is a sacred dance in Ketewel Village that obliged to be presented and shown as an inauguration means in piodalan ceremony. The dance study was over shadowed by the era changing effect that evaluate and challenge it to be able to show beyond the piodalan ceremonial context. Besides, its existence as a ritual and sacred art show is remained on it. It because of the culture continuation is conducted in the form of transmission or culture degeneration from the elder to the youth. The problems being studied in the thesis are : how is the originate, function, meaning, and its existence as a sacred and ritual art show in Ketewel Village also the transmission system. Objective of this research is to study, apprehend to find out and to analyze it as appropriate as the problems formulation had just explained. This research used an etnochoreology approach that in the analysis data processing supported by taking another disciplines as well, that are: History, Anthtropologi, Sociology, Religion, Art Show, Iconography and Physiognomy. In the analytical of movement varieties also used a Laban Notation. Thus, this research could be said as a multidiscipline approach. For data collecting technique was used a literature study, observation, interview, and documentation. This research is including a qualitative one with the analysis is data analysis descriptive data. The research result stated that the originate of the Sang Hyang Legong Legong Mask Dance in Ketewel Village based on the Babad Dalem, Babad Dalem Sukawati and Lontar Raja Purana Tattwa stated that I Dewa Made Agung had legitimated the ritual and sacred dance in Ketewel Village that created by based on his dream. This present was also given an inspiration to the dance art in Bali to create Legong dance existed presently. Sang Hyang Legong Legong Mask Dance has a function as a ritual ceremony means and as disease epidemic repellent means. The meanings of this research are including religion, culture, social, and education meaning. The existence was remained as a ritual and sacred art show because it already created the imitation mask so that it could be present in the outside of the piodalan ceremonial context. There are three important things in the transmission system of the Sang Hyang Legong Legong Mask Dance in Ketewel Village, that are (1) Transmission Material (2) Transmission Processing; and (3) Transmission of values in the Sang Hyang Legong Legong Mask Dance.

Kata Kunci : Seni Pertunjukan Ritual, Tari Sang Hyang Legong Topeng