Rekrutmen politik di tingkat lokal :: Analisis terhadap proses pengisian jabatan Gubernur DIY Tahun 1998 dan tahun 2003
SUDARNO, HM, Drs. Cornelis Lay, MA
2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Politik (Politik Lokal dan Otonomi Daerah)Dua kali proses pengisian jabatan Gubernur Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) tidak berjalan dengan mulus, karena selalu ada perbedaan interpretasi tentang dasar hukum yang akan diacu dalam prosesnya. Pandangan-pandangan tersebut menyangkut nilai-nilai keistimewaan DIY, yang “disakralkan†oleh sebagian besar masyarakat DIY. Nilai-nilai keistimewaan adalah wujud eksistensi politik lokal. Masyarakat DIY menganggap ada pihak-pihak yang akan menghilangkan keistimewaan DIY, maka masyarakat bergejolak, dan melakukan gerakan-gerakan untuk mempertahankan keistimewaan itu. Akibatnya timbul situasi yang mencekam. Tesis ini disusun untuk mendiskripsikan proses pengisian jabatan Gubernur DIY pada tahun 1998 dan 2003, sehingga dapat diketahui mengapa kedua proses itu tidak berjalan dengan mulus. Setelah didapatkan masalahnya, direkomendasikan alternatif solusinya, agar proses pengisian jabatan Gubernur DIY yang akan datang dapat berlangsung dengan lebih demokratis, tetapi juga mengakomodasikan aspirasi masyarakat DIY, sebagai anggota masyarakat suatu daerah yang memiliki predikat istimewa. Tesis ini menurut jenisnya adalah diskriptif-kualitatif. Data didapat dari hasil pengamatan langsung, karena penyusun adalah mantan anggota DPRD DIY pada saat kedua proses berlangsung, juga dari dokumen-dokumen yang berkaitan dengan proses pengisian jabatan Gubernur DIY pada tahun 1998 maupun tahun 2003, yang tersimpan di Sekretariat DPRD DIY, Kantor Arsip Daerah maupun publikasi media cetak yang beredar di DIY. Penyusun juga melakukan wawancara terhadap para pelaku dalam proses pengisian jabatan itu, yaitu mantan-mantan anggota DPRD DIY saat proses berjalan, mantan-mantan pejabat eksekutif yang menangani langsung proses itu. Dari pengolahan data yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa timbulnya situasi kalut pada saat kedua proses berlangsung , karena ada dua kelompok anggota DPRD DIY yang berbeda persepsi terhadap dasar hukum yang akan digunakan sebagai acuan dalam memroses pengisian jabatan itu. Perbedaan itu dengan cepat diketahui oleh masyarakat, menjadikan masyarakat DIY bergejolak. Hal itu terjadi karena perbedaan interpretasi terhadap regulasi itu berkaitan dengan keistimewaan DIY. Regulasi yang ada belum mengatur secara rinci tata-cara pengisian jabatan Gubernur DIY. Undang-Undang yang ada hanya menyebutkan bahwa keistimewaan DIY adalah pada pengangkatan Gubernur dengan mempertimbangkan calon dari keturunan Sultan Yogyakarta, dan Wakil Gubernur dengan mempertimbangkan calon dari keturunan Paku Alam. Peraturan Pemerintah sebagai pelaksanaan Undang-Undang itu juga tidak pernah ada. Sehingga regulasi yang ada masih memiliki multi interpretasi, dapat diinterpretasikan sesuai perspektif dan kepentingan masing-masing. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sampai dengan saat ini belum ada Peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur secara rinci tentang tata-cara pengisian jabatan Gubernur DIY. Hal ini berpotensi menimbulkan kesulitan lagi pada saat proses pengisian jabatan Gubernur mendatang.
Two-time processes of governor succession of Yogyakarta Special District did not go smoothly, because there were inevitably the difference of interpretation on legal principle to be referred to in the succession process. The differences were related to the specialty of Yogyakarta that the majority of people consider as “sacredâ€. It portends the real existence of local politics. People thought that some parties tried to remove the specialty and they flared up and took any actions to maintain it. Consequently, there emerged terrible situation. This thesis was composed to describe the process of governor succession of Yogyakarta Special District in 1998 and 2003 and to discover the reason why the two processes did not go smoothly. Finding the problem, alternative solution is suggested that succession process in time to come may take place more democratically and to accommodate the aspirations of the people as the members of society that has the specialty. This thesis, according to its type, was descriptive-qualitative. Data was obtained from the results of direct observation. It was done since the writer was former member of Yogyakarta Regional Assembly of Special District of Yogyakarta when the two processes took place. It was also obtained from the documents relating to the process of governor succession both in 1998 and 2003 kept in the secretariat of Regional Assembly, Regional Archives Office and the publication of printing media circulated in Yogyakarta Special District. The writer also conducted interview with the performers of succession process who were former members of Regional Assembly at the time the succession processes took place, former executive offices who directly handled the processes. Of data processing, it was found that the terrible situation emerged at the time the two processes took place, because there were two groups of Regional Assembly members who had different perception on legal principle to be used as the reference in succession process. Knowing the difference people flared up. This happened because the difference of interpretation on the regulation concerning the specialty of Yogyakarta Special District. The existing regulation had not arranged the customs and manners of the governor succession process. The regulation just stated that the specialty of Yogyakarta lays on the appointment of governor considering the candidates must come from the descent of Yogyakarta Sultan, and vice governor must be the person from Paku Alam descent. Also, there had not ever been the Governmental Regulation as the implementation of the existing regulation. That is why the regulation was given multiinterpretations. It was interpreted according to each one perspective and interest. The conclusion could be drawn that there is no regulation up to present day that arranges the customs and manners of the succession of Yogyakarta Special District governor. This potentially causes difficulty any more when the process of governor succession takes place in time to come. It is suggested that there must be clear and detail regulation.
Kata Kunci : Rekrutmen Politik,Jabatan Gubernur,DIY, recruitment, special district, local aspirations