Hubungan konsumsi makanan, dan kadar Hemoglobin (Hb) dengan prestasi belajar siswa SLTP Kota Palembang

SARTONO, Prof.Dra. Wiryatun Lestariana, Apt.,SU

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Gizi dan Kesehatan)

Latar belakang : Masalah gizi dapat terjadi pada seluruh kelompok umur, pada kelompok umur tertentu akan mempengaruhi pada status gizi periode siklus kehidupan berikutnya (intergenerational impact). Anak-anak yang kekurangan gizi akan mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan fisik, mental dan intelektual. Status gizi seseorang dapat dipengaruhi oleh asupan konsumsi makanan. Keadaan gizi akan mempengaruhi kemampuan anak dalam mengikuti pelajaran di sekolah dan prestasi belajar. Anak yang mengalami defisiensi besi memiliki skor lebih rendah pada uji perkembangan kognitif, belajar dan prestasi sekolah. Tujuan : Mengkaji hubungan konsumsi makanan, dan kadar hemoglobin (Hb), dengan prestasi belajar siswa SLTP Kota Palembang. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei yang bersifat analitik dengan rancangan potong lintang . Populasi dan sampel penelitian adalah siswa SLTP Kota Palembang yang terpilih menjadi subyek penelitian. Pengambilan sampel secara Multistage Sampling Designs, kelompok terpilih diambil secara acak, untuk sampel masing-masing SLTP dan kelas digunakan teknik proporsional stratified random sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Uji statistik analisa bivariat : hubungan konsumsi makanan dengan prestasi belajar, hubungan kadar Hb dengan prestasi belajar, dan hubungan konsumsi makanan dengan kadar Hb digunakan uji regresi. Sedangkan analisa multivariat digunakan uji regresi linier ganda. Data konsumsi makanan diolah dengan software komputer program Nutri Survey for Windows. Keseluruhan data diolah dengan software komputer program SPSS Version 10. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara konsumsi makanan (asupan energi, protein, vitamin C, zink) dengan prestasi belajar (energi : p = <0,001, r = 0,372 ; protein : p = 0,046, r = 0,209 ; vitamin C : p = 0,009, r = 0,273 ; zink : p = 0,042, r = 0,214), dan ada hubungan antara kadar hemoglobin dengan prestasi belajar (p = < 0,001, r = 0,421). Ada hubungan antara konsumsi makanan (asupan energi) dengan kadar Hb (p = 0,051, r = 0,205). Kesimpulan : Hasil analisis mulivariat diperoleh hanya kadar Hb yang memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan prestasi belajar (p = < 0,001, B = 2,077 ).

Back ground : Nutrient problem can occurs in any category or age. This disease affected on degradation human body health level and influence on level nutrient generation to generation (intergenerational impact). The children who contracted nutrient complication could be indicated by it’s psychological, mental, and intellectual illness. Nutrient level of human body is depending on absorption level of food consumption. Nutrient level actually influences educational achievement or educational performance and more field activities. For example, a children who suffered iron deficiency proved lower performance in cognitive, motoric, and behaviour examination. Objective : Knowing correlation between food consumptionhaemoglobin level educational performance level of the student in junior high school Palembang city. Methods : This research improved by analytic survey method and cross sectional. The selected object of survey is students in junior high school Palembang city used multistage sampling design. Group selection made by random method, and used proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data obtained during experiment analyse such bivariate, and multivariate form. Bivariate analysis : correlation between food consumption and level of educational performance, correlation between food consumption and hemoglobin level, and correlation between haemoglobin level and educational performance. Moreover, correlation between food consumption and haemoglobin level test also processed by regression test. And more, regression linier test is used in multivariate analysis. Food consumption data sampling processed with Nutri Survey for Windows software and additional data processed with SPSS version 10. Results : The result of the data obtained there’s significant correlation between food consumption (intake energy, protein, vitamin C, zink) with educational performance (energy : p = < 0,001, r = 0,372 ; protein : p = 0,046, r = 0,209 ; vitamin C : p = 0,009, r = 0,273 ; zink : p = 0,042, r = 0,214) and there’s also significant correlation between haemoglobin level with educational performance (p = < 0,001, r = 0,421). Then, there’s significant correlation between food consumption (intake energy) with haemoglobin level (p = 0,051, r = 0,205). Conclusions : After performing the proving test in junior high school Palembang city, we found the following feature : with multivariate test, only in relationship between haemoglobin level with educational performance we found the significant correlation (p = < 0,001, B = 2,077).

Kata Kunci : Konsumsi Makanan dan Hb,Prestasi Belajar, Food consumption, haemoglobin level, educational performance