Hubungan malaria, kecacingan dan asupan zat besi dengan kadar hemoglobin anak Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Teluk Segara Kota Bengkulu

SURYANI, Desri, Prof.dr. Hamam Hadi, MS.,ScD

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Gizi dan Kesehatan)

Latar belakang: Anemia gizi besi disebabkan oleh kekurangan zat gizi yang berperan dalam pembentukan hemoglobin. Malaria Menyebabkan kerusakan sel darah merah karena plasmodium malaria menyerang dan menghancurkan sel-sel darah merah. Kecacingan merupakan penyebab anemia dan defisiensi gizi serta kekurangan zat gizi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan malaria, kecacingan dan asupan zat besi dengan kadar hemoglobin anak sekolah dasar. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional, dilakukan di sekolah dasar Kecamatan Teluk Segara. Subyek penelitian adalah anak sekolah dasar. Kriteria inklusi adalah anak bersedia diambil darahnya, bertempat tinggal di wilayah kecamatan Teluk Segara dan bersedia menjadi subyek penelitian dengan menandatangani informed consent. Besar subyek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi 203 orang, pengambilan subyek secara cluster sampling. Pemeriksaan malaria dilakukan dengan metoda giemsa, kecacingan dengan kato katz, hemoglobin dengan cyanmethemoglobin dan supan zat besi dikumpulkan dengan Food Frequency Questionare diolah dengan nutrisurvey. Dilakukan analisis untuk mengetahui hubungan variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi kadar hemoglobin. Hasil: Setelah dianalisis bivariat dan multivariat secara statistik ada hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan vitamin A dan kadar hemoglobin p<0,05 dengan OR 2,78 (95% CI:1,28-6,06) sedangkan malaria, kecacingan, asupan zat besi, asupan protein, vitamin C, tanin, fitat dengan kadar hemoglobin tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna p>0,05. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara malaria, asupan besi dan kadar hemoglobin.

Background: Iron deficient is caused by lack of hemoglobin forming nutrients. Malaria causes damage of blood cells because malaria plasmodium attacks and destroys blood cells. Suffering from intestinal worms is a cause of anemia, nutrition deficiency and malnutrition. Objective: The objective of the study was to find out association between malaria, suffering from intestinal worms, iron intake and hemoglobin level of elementary school student. Methods: The study was observational with cross sectional design. It was carried out at elementary schools in Teluk Segara Subdistrict. Subject of the study were elementary school students. Inclusion criteria were elementary school student who lived in Teluk Segara Subdistrict area and wiling to become subject of the study by signing informed consent. Subject fulfilling inclusion criteria were as many as 203 people taken using cluster sampling technique. Examination of malaria was done with giemsa method, suffering from intestinal worms with kato katz, hemoglobin with cyanmetemoglobin and nutrition intake was collected with food frequency questionare and processed with nutrisurvey. Analysis was made to identify association between variables which affected hemoglobin. Result: After analysis of bivariate and multivariate were made, statistically there was significant association between less vitamin A intake and hemoglobin level p<0,05 with OR 2,78 (95% CI=1,28-6,06) where as malaria, sufering from intestinal worms, iron intake, protein intake, vitamin C, tanin, pitat with hemoglobin level did not have significant association p>0,05. Conclusion: There was not significant association between malaria, iron intake and hemoglobin level.

Kata Kunci : Asupan Zat Besi,Kecacingan dan Malaria,Hb Anak, Malaria, suffering from intestinal worms, hemoglobin level, iron intake