Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keteraturan minum obat pada penderita TBC Paru yang mengalami konversi di Kota Jambi

MUKSIN, K, dr. Yodi Mahendradhata, M.Sc

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Kebij. dan Manaj. Pe

Latar Belakang: Pelaksanaan penanggulangan Penyakit Tuberkulosis Paru di Dinas Kesehatan Kota Jambi pada tahun 2003, Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) yang diberikan kepada penderita adalah Kategori I, angka konversi sebesar 88,2%, angka kesembuhan telah mencapai 89,4%. Tahun 2004 semua penderita TBC Paru dengan BTA positif diberi obat paket baru FDC, dengan angka konvesi yang tercapai sebesar 92%, dan angka kesembuhan sebesar 96%. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan jenis cross sectional survey. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh penderita TBC Paru BTA positif yang mengalami konversi di 20 Puskesmas Kota Jambi. Pengumpulan data sekunder didapat melalui kartu penderita TBC Paru (TB 01), TB 05 dan format PHN yang berada di Puskesmas, TB 03 yang ada di Dinas Kesehatan Kota Jambi. Intrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner, data-data tselanjutnya diolah dengan tekhnik analisis statistik, melakukan uji hubungan terhadap variabel bebas dan variabel terikat. Hasil: Analisis univariat dilakukan dengan menyajikan distribusi frekuensi dari variabel-variabel penelitian dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Analisis bivariat memperlihatkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keteraturan minum OAT pada penderita TBC paru antara lain: tingkat pendidikan, mutu pelayanan kesehatan, sarana dan prasarana, efek samping obat, dan PMO dan rejimen pengobatan. Kesimpulan: Pemakaian OAT FDC (Fixed Dose Combination) dapat meningkatkan keteraturan minum obat pada penderita TBC Paru, dan faktorfaktor lain mempengaruhi adalah tingkat pendidikan, mutu pelayanan kesehatan, sarana kesehatan, efek samping obat, dan PMO. Meningkatnya keteraturan akan meningkatkan angka konversi dan angka kesembuhan.

Background: The implementation of lung TBC in the health office of Jambi municipality in the year of 2003 with the Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) that was given to the patient was Category I, with conversion ra te of 88,2%, and the recovery rate reached 89,4%. In the year of 2004, all of the lung TBC patients with BTA positive were given new package medicine of FDC (Fixed Dose Combination) with conversion rate reached 92% and the recovery rate was 96%. Method: This was a quantitative research that used cross sectional survey. The population of the research was all lung TBC patients with positive BTA who experienced conversion in 20 Primary Health Care in Jambi municipality. The collection of secondary data was obtained through the card of lung TBC patient (TB 01), TB 05 and format of PHN that was available in the Primary Health Care, TB 03 which was available in the health office of Jambi municipality. The research instrument was questioner, the data was further processed with statistic analysis technique, the correlation test was implemented toward independent and dependent variable. Result: Univariat analysis was done by presenting frequency distribution from research variables and presented in the form of table. The bivariat analysis showed that factors that influenced the regularity of consuming OAT in lung TBC patient such as level of education, quality of health service, facility and infrastructure, side effect of drugs, PMO, and Treatment Regimen. Conclusion: The utilization of OAT FDC (Fixed Dose Combination) could improve the regularity of consuming drugs in lung TBC patient, and other factors that could influence the education level, health service quality, health facility, side effect of drugs and PMO. The increasing of regularity will improve the conversion rate and recovery rate.

Kata Kunci : Layanan Kesehatan,Penderita TBC Paru,Ketaatan Minum Obat