Pemanfaatan pelayanan Posyandu di Kota Denpasar

WIDIASTUTI, I Gusti Agung Ayu Mas, dr. Kristiani, SU

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Kebij. dan Manaj. Pe

Latar Belakang. Data dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Denpasar menunjukkan bahwa tingkat partisipasi masyarakat untuk datang ke 432 Posyandu yang ada di Kota Denpasar belum mencapai target yang diharapkan. Pemanfaatan pelayanan Posyandu oleh masyarakat sangat ditentukan oleh peran kader sebagai motor penggerak, dukungan tokoh masyarakat (TOMA) dan petugas kesehatan sebagai fasilitator. Tujuan Penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemanfaatan penimbangan balita di Posyandu (D/S) di Kota Denpasar. Metode Penelitian. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik, menggunakan rancangan cross sectional, dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Adapun penelitian ini dilaksanakan di 81 Posyandu di Kota Denpasar, dengan kader Posyandu sebagai unit analisisnya. Subyek penelitian ini adalah kader, tokoh masyarakat, ibu balita dari Posyandu dengan tingkat pencapaian D/S tinggi dan rendah, serta petugas kesehatan. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah kuesioner, panduan wawancara mendalam, dan panduan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Data kuantitatif dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji korelasi product moment, regresi berganda dan korelasi parsial. Adapun data kualitatif disajikan dalam bentuk narasi. Hasil Penelitian. Hanya 20% dari Posyandu di Kota Denpasar yang prosentase pemanfaatan penimbangan balita di Posyandu (D/S) mencapai target. Faktor predisposisi yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan tingkat pemanfaatan penimbangan balita di Posyandu hanya umur (p<0,05) dan pengetahuan kader (p<0,05), namun dengan keeratan hubungan yang rendah (r=0,214 untuk umur dan r=0,202 untuk pengetahuan kader). Adapun faktor pendukung untuk seluruh variabel (persepsi kader terhadap peran TOMA, peran petugas kesehatan, serta dukungan dana dan prasarana) berhubungan secara bermakna (p<0,05), namun juga dengan keeratan hubungan yang rendah. Dari faktor kebutuhan, variabel yang berhubungan secara signifikan adalah motivasi kader (p<0,05), dengan keeratan hubungan yang sedang (r=0,384). Dari seluruh variabel, motivasi merupakan faktor yang paling dominan. Kesimpulan. Tingkat pemanfaatan pelayanan Posyandu di Kota Denpasar masih rendah dan partisipasi masyarakat (kader) berhubungan dengan tingkat pemanfaatan pelayanan penimbangan balita di Posyandu di Kota Denpasar, dengan motivasi kader sebagai faktor dominan.

Background. The data from Denpasar Health Office showed that the participation level of community to come to the 432 Posyandus (Integrated Health Services Post) in Denpasar has not achieved the expected target. The utilization of Posyandu services was determined by cadres (volunteers) as the motor, supports of key persons in the community, and facilitated by health officers. Objective. The objective of the research was to know the level of utilization of under five year old children weighing in Posyandus (D/S = percentage of under five year old children weighed in Posyandu divided by the total under five year old children attending Posyandu) in Denpasar. Methods. This research was an analytic research, using cross sectional design, with quantitative and qualitative methods. The research was conducted in 81 Posyandus in Denpasar, with Posyandu cadres as the unit of analysis. The research subjects were cadres (volunteers), key persons, mothers of under five year old children that attended Posyandus with high and low level of D/S, and health officers. The research instruments were questionnaires, in-depth interview guide, and focus group discussion guide. Quantitative data were analyzed statistically using product moment correlation, multiple regression, and partial correlation tests, while qualitative data were presented in narrative format. Result. Only 20% of Posyandus in Denpasar have achieved the targeted percentage of under five year old children weighing in Posyandus (D/S). Predisposition factors significantly correlated to utilization level of under five year old children weighing in Posyandus (D/S) were only age (p<0.05) and cadres’ knowledge (p<0.05), yet the relation of those 2 factors were less stronger (r=0.214 for age and r=0.02 for cadres’ knowledge). Meanwhile, the supporting factors of all variables (cadres’ perception towards key persons’ role, towards health officers, and towards financial and infrastructures supports) had significant correlation (p<0.05), but less stronger relation. From the need factor, variable which had significant correlation was cadres’ motivation (p<0.05), although the relation was less stronger (r=0.384). Of all variables, motivation was the most dominant factor. Conclusion. The utilization level of Posyandu services in Denpasar was still low and the participation of community (cadres) was related to the level of utilization of under five year old children weighing in Posyandus in Denpasar, with cadres’ motivation as the dominant factor.

Kata Kunci : Posyandu,Pemanfaatan,Partisipasi Masyarakat