Persepsi dan perilaku ibu hamil terhadap pencegahan kurang energi kronis di barak pengungsian Kabupaten Aceh Besar Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh darussalam

ADLI, Ariful, dr. Adi Utarini, MSc.,MPH.,PhD

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Perilaku dan Promosi

Latar Belakang: Pasca gempa dan tsunami seria daerah konflik menyebabkan terjadinya pengungsian besar-besaran yang berdampak pada berbagal masalah kehidupan, antara lain kurang energi kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil. Data Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Aceh Besar memperlihatkan KEK ¡bu hamil pada tahun 2002 mencapai 15 % dan meningkat menjadi 18,71% pada tahun 2003. Kondisi ini memburuk setelah tsunami. Tujuan: Mengetahui persepsi dan perilaku ibu hamil dalam upaya pencegahan Kekurangan Energi Kronis di Iingkungan barak pengungsian Kabupaten Aceh Besar Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. Metode Penelitian : Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, lokasi penelitian di barak pengungsian Aceh Besar, subjek penelitian adalah ibu hamil. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi tidak terstruktur dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil: Kepercayaan ¡bu hamil terhadap pantangan makanan di pengungsian Iebih dikarenakan oleh budaya masyarakat. Dalam memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan ¡bu hamil lebih memilih pos kesehatan satelit karena jaraknya dekat, dan bila poskeslit tidak berfungsi ¡bu hamil enggan ke puskesmas. Pemeriksaan kehamilan dilakukan jika ada keluhan saja. Perilaku poia makan diketahui dan penyiapan, pengolahan dan konsumsi bahan makanan yang belum memenuhi standar menu ibu hamil. Hal ¡ni dikarenakan faktor daya beli yang rendah, ketersediaan bahan pangan, kebiasaan mengkonsumsi makanan sebelum bencana serta peran koordinator barak dalam mencari bantuan bahan makanan. Pada penyajian makanan dalam keluarga tidak ada perbedaan, porsi makan tetap selama harnil dan sebelum hamil. Kesimpulan: Di pengungsian masih terjadi pantangan makanan, sedangkan akses pelayanan kesehatan mudah tapi, masih di jumpai kendala terhadap petugas dari fasiitas, sedangkan pela makan ibu hamil sangat tergantung dan sumber bantuan, daya beli dan kebiasaan mengkonsumsi makanan sebelum bencana. Porsi makan sebelum dan selama kehamilan tidak ada perbedaan. Kekurangan asupan makanan. kondis sanitasi yang jelek mempengaruhi timbulnya perìyakit infeksi.

ABSTRACT Background: Post earth-quake, tsunami and conflict cause major evacuation and a number of problems such as chronic energy deficiency among pregnant mothers. Data of Health Office of Banda Aceh Besar District show chronic energy deficiency among pregnant mothers as much as 15% in 2002 and 18.71% in 2003. The condition worsens post tsunami. Objective: To identify perception and behavior of pregnant mothers in efforts to prevent chronic energy deficiency at refugee camps of Aceh Besar District, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. Method: This was a qualitative study with Aceh Besar refugee camps as location of the study and pregnant mothers as subject of the study. Data were obtained through non-structured observation and indepth interview. Result: The belief of pregnant mothers about food abstain at the camp was ÃŒikely due to local culture. In looking for health service pregnant mothers preferred satellite heafth post due to proximity, and whenever the post did not function, they were reluctant to go to community health center. Pregnancy examination was conducted only when there were some problems. Eating pattern behavior was identified from food preparation, processing and consumption which had not fulfilled menu standard of pregnant mothers. This was due to factor low purchasing power, food availability, food consumption habit prior to disaster and roe of camp coordinator in looking for food aids. There was no difference in family food serving; eating portion stayed the same during and before pregnancy. Conclusion: During evacuation there was food abstain; access to health service was easy but staff and facilities were limited; eating pattern of pregnant mothers depended much on aid resources, purchasing power and food consumption habit prior to disaster. There was difference of eating portion before and during pregnancy. Lack of food intake, and poor sanitation condition affected the emergence of infectious diseases.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku Sehat,Ibu Hamil,Pengungsian,perception, behavior, pregnant mothers, chronic energy deficiency, disaster