Pengaruh peran petugas PMO dan persepsi penderita TB Paru BTA positif terhadap kepatuhan minum obat anti tuberkulosis di Kota Ternate Provinsi Maluku Utara

UMAR, Farida, Dra. Nida Ul Hasanat, MSi

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Perilaku dan Promosi

Latar Belakang : Penyakit TB Paru masih merupakan problem kesehatan utama baik di Indonesia maupun di dunia dan muncul sebagai penyebab kematian. Laporan WHO pada tahun 1994 menyebutkan bahwa di Indonesia terdapat 5.000.000 penderita TB Paru baru. Masalah putus berobat dan berhenti minum obat merupakan masalah mendasar yang mengakibatkan insidensi dan prevalensi TB Paru terus meningkat. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengobatan adalah kepatuhan penderita minum obat. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif pada penderita TB Paru yang putus berobat dan yang tidak putus berobat. Rancangan penelitian adalah survey yang bersifat potong lintang (Cross Sectional). Sampel penelitian ini diambil dengan cara sampel total (Total Sampling) yaitu penderita TB Paru yang putus berobat sebanyak 72 orang dan yang tidak putus berobat sebanyak 34 orang. (jumlah sebanyak 106 orang). Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji regresi (F) linier dan t-test. Hasil : Pada kelompok penderita TB Paru yang putus berobat peran petugas PMO tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan karena p= 0,214 (p>0,05). Persepsi penderita tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan karena p = 0,766 (p>0,05). Peran petugas PMO dan persepsi penderita tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan karena p = 0,450 (p>0,05). Pada kelompok yang tidak putus berobat peran petugas PMO mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan karena p = 0,020 (p>0,05), tetapi persepsi penderita tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan karena p = 0,687 (p=>0,05). Peran petugas PMO dan persepsi penderita mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan karena nialai p = 0,050 (p≤0,05). Pada uji t-test didapatkan peran petugas PMO antara penderita yang putus berobat dan tidak putus berobat mempunyai perbedaan yang signifikan karena p = 0,005 (p0,05). Tingkat kepatuhan antara penderita yang putus berobat dan yang tidak putus berobat mempunyai perbedaan yang signifikan karena p = 0,000 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan : Peran petugas PMO dan persepsi penderita mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kepatuhan penderita yang putus berobat. Apabila kedua variabel digabung semuanya tidak mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna. Pada kelompok yang tidak putus berobat dipengaruhi oleh peran petugas PMO, tetapi tidak dipengaruhi oleh persepsi penderita. Berbeda dengan hal di atas, kepatuhan pada kelompok putus berobat tidak dipengaruhi oleh peran petugas, persepsi serta gabungan peran petugas PMO dan persepsi penderita. Ada faktor lain yang yang mempengaruhi kelompok yang putus berobat. Adanya kerusuhan di Kota Ternate dengan segala akibatnya diduga mempengaruhi ketidakpatuhan minum obat.

Background: Lung TB disease still becomes the main health problem in Indonesia and in the world, and it occurred as mortality cause. The report of WHO in the year of 1994 stated that there were 5.000.000 new patients of lung TB. The problem of discharging from seeking for treatment and discharging from consuming drugs are basic problems that causing incidence and prevalence of lung TB keep improved. One of the factors that influence the successfulness of treatment is compliance of patient in consuming drugs. Method: It was a quantitative research in lung TB patients who were discharging from seeking for treatment and who were not discharging. This research was a Cross-Sectional Survey. The sample was taken with total sampling that was 72 lung TB patients who were discharging from seeking for treatment and who were not discharging was 34 people, hence the total was 106 people. Data analysis was done by using regression (F) linier and t-test. Result: In the group of lung TB patients who were discharging from seeking for treatment, the role of PMO officer did not showed significant relationship because p=0.214 (p>0.05). Patient’s perception did not showed significant relationship because p=0,766 (p>0,05). The role of PMO officer and patient's perception did not showed significant relationship because p=0,450 (p>0,05). In the group that was not discharging from seeking for treatment showed that the role of PMO officer had significant relationship because p=0.020 (p>0.05), yet patient's perception did not showed significant relationship because p=0.687 (p<0.05). The role of officer and patient's perception had significant relationship because p=0.050 (p< 0.05). In the t-test, there was a significant difference on the role of PMO officer toward patients who were discharging from seeking for treatm6nfW who were not discharging because p=0.005 (p<0.05). Patient's perception between those who were discharging from seeking for treatment and who were not discharging was not significantly different because p=0.138 (p>0.05). The compliance level between patients who were discharging from" seeking for treatment and who did not show significant difference because p=0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The role of PMO officer and patient's perception had significant relationship with compliance of patients who were discharging from seeking for treatment, yet patient's perception did not influence patients who were discharging toward compliance. The group which was not discharging from seeking for treatment was influenced by the role of PMO officer, but not influenced by patient's perception. Compliance on the group which was discharging was not influenced by the role of the officer, perception and combination of the role of PMO officer and patient's perception. Other factor that influenced the group which was discharging from seeking for treatment was disturbance in Ternate Municipality that was estimated could influence the incompliance of drugs consumption.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku Sehat,Kepatuhan Minum Obat,Peran Petugas PMO