Partisipasi ibu rumah tangga dalam pencegahan dan pemberantasan penyakit demam berdarah dengue di Kecamatan Medan Helvetia Propinsi Sumatera Utara
HASANAH, Zunaidah, Dra. Yayi Suryo Prabandari, MSi.,PhD
2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Perilaku dan PromosiLatar Belakang : Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia yang menimbulkan dampak sosial maupun ekonomi. Tiga faktor yang memegang peranan penting dalam penularan DBD yaitu virus, manusia dan nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Fokus penelitian ini adalah pada manusia, yakni pada aspek partisipasi dalam pencegahan dan pemberantasan DBD. Partisipasi memegang peran penting dalam penganggulangan dan pemberantasan DBD. Dipilihnya ibu rumah tangga sebagai subjek penelitian karena ibu rumah tangga memegang peranan strategis sebagai pengelola rumah tangga dan pendidikan anak di dalam keluarga. Salah satu indikator rendahnya tingkat partisipasi dalam pencegahan dan pemberantasan DBD adalah Angka Bebas Jentik (ABJ) yang masih rendah di Kecamatan Medan Helvetia yaitu 81,6%. Masih jauh dari standar yang ditetapkan Depkes RI, yakni di atas 95%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adalah partisipasi ibu rumah tangga dalam pencegahan dan pemberantasan DBD di Kecamatan Medan Helvetia, Kota Medan. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Variabel penelitian terdiri dari variabel bebas, yaitu faktor predisposisi yang meliputi tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan, dan sikap ibu rumah tangga, faktor pendorong yang meliputi anjuran petugas kesehatan, tokoh formal dan tokoh informal. Variabel terikat berupa partisipasi ibu rumah tangga dalam pencegahan dan pemberantasan DBD. Subjek penelitian adalah ibu rumah tangga. Pengambilan sampel secara acak sederhana. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat, analisis bivariat, uji Chi Square dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Hasil Analisis : Pada analisis bivariat faktor predisposisi berupa pengetahuan dan sikap mempunyai hubungan dengan partisipasi (p<0,05), sedangkan umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan,dan tempat tinggal tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Analisis faktor penguat antara lain anjuran petugas kesehatan, anjuran tokoh formal, anjuran tokoh informal menunjukkan nilai yang bermakna (p<0,05), sedangkan anjuran media massa tidak memberikan nilai yang bermakna terhadap partisipasi ibu rumah tangga dalam pencegahan dan pemberantasan DBD. Analisis multivariat variabel yang bermakna adalah pengetahuan, sikap dan anjuran petugas kesehatan Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan, sikap, anjuran petugas kesehatan, tokoh formal maupun tokoh informal dengan partisipasi ibu rumah tangga dalam pencegahan dan pemberantasan DBD. Faktor yang paling berpeluang terhadap partisipasi adalah anjuran petugas kesehatan yang dilakukan minimal dua kali dalam setahun.
Background: As one of the main public health issue, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) affects Indonesia socially and economically. Agent, human and environment are factors determining the spread of DHF. Participation in activities to prevent and control DHF by community member is an important human factor influencing the burden of the disease. Considering their strategic roles as household manager and children’s educator, housewives play a significant role in preventing and controlling DHF in the community. DHF prevention and control activities in Medan Helvetia Subdistrict in North Sumatera Province are currently inadequate. Only 81.6% of households in this subdistrict were larva-free, far below the expected target of 95% set by the Ministry of Health. This study aimed at assessing housewives’ participation and factors related to their participation in preventing and controlling DHF in Medan Helvetia Subdistrict, North Sumatera Province. Method: The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. Housewives’ level of education, knowledge and attitude were studied as predisposing factors associated with their participation in preventing and controlling DHF. Enabling factors such as encouragement from health officers, formal as well as informal leaders were also assessed in this study. Study subjects were selected randomly in the purposively selected study area. The association between independent and dependent variables were analyzed using Chi-Square analysis. Logistic regression was further used to identify independent significant factors associated with participation. Results: The levels of participation were low, only 23% of the study subject participated in activities related to DHF prevention and control. The Chi-Square analysis showed that knowledge and attitude were significantly associated with housewives’ participation (p<0.05), while age, level of education, occupation, and area of living were not associated with participation. Analysis of enabling factors indicated that encouragement from health officers, formal and informal leaders were significantly associated with participation (p<0.05), however, the exposure to media did not showed a significant association with participation. The multivariate analysis showed that only knowledge, attitude and encouragement from health officers remained significant, after controlling for age, level of education, occupation, area of living, and other predisposing and enabling factors. Conclusion: Overall, the level of housewives’ participation in preventing and controlling DHF in Medan Helvetia Subdistrict North Sumatera Province is low. Encouragement from health officer is an important factor related to housewives’ participation in preventing and controlling DHF. Community participation can be leveled up by promoting the work of DHF working group (Pokja), as well as DHF operational working group (Pokjanal) with the support of health officer.
Kata Kunci : Promosi Kesehatan,Partisipasi Ibu Rumah Tangga,Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue, participation, housewives, prevention, dengue hemorrhagic fever
