Faktor-faktor risiko kejadian penyakit diabetes melitus tipe 2 pada orang dewasa di Kabupaten Boyolali Propinsi Jawa Tengah

MUJIO, Erwan, Prof.dr. Paulus Wiyono, PhD.,SpPD-KEMD

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Epidemiologi Lapanga

Penelitian ini berlatar belakang penyakit diabetes mellitus tipe 2 merupakan problem kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, karena keadaan ini disebabka'n karena transisi epidemiologi penyakit dari penyakit menular ke penyakit tidak menular. Di Indonesia kejadian penyakit diabetes mellitus meningkat 1,3%, dan penyakit diabetes mellitus yang ditemukan di Kabupaten Boyolali tahun 2001 sebanyak 16 kasus, 2002 sebanyak 940 kasus, tahun 2003 sebanyak 1.613 kasus, serta tahun 2005 ditemukan 3.892 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian diabetes mellitus tipe 2 pada orang dewasa di Kabupaten Boyolali, serta menemukan cara pencegahan terjadinya kasus baru dan komplikasi yang ditimbulkan penyakit tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatan case control study. Subjek penelitian terdari dari 86 kasus diabetes mellitus tipe 2, dan 175 kontrol bukan penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Kasus dan kontrol diambil dari pasien yang berkunjung berobat di Puskesmas di Kabupaten Boyolali. Data diambil dengan cara wawancara, observasi langsung, pengukuran anthropometri, dan pemeriksaan Iaboratorium. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan 11 variabel yang merupakan faktor risiko penyakit diabetes mellitus tipe 2, dari 11 variabel tersebut dianalisis bivariat didapatkan 9 variabel yang signifikan. Dari 10 variabel yang diuji dengan uji multivariat didapatkan 7 variabel yang bermakna yaitu: ada riwayat keluarga yang menderita diabetes mellitus (OR 14,8, p=0,000), ada mengalami gejala risiko menderita diabetes mellitus dalam kehamilan (OR 6,6 p=0,000), kurang aktifitas fisik (OR 3,9, p= 0,002), diet rendah serat (OR 3,9, p=0,031), diet tinggi gula (OR 4,1, p=0,003), diet tinggi Iemak (OR 3,2, p=0,030), dan obesitas (OR 4,9, p=0,011). Variabel yang tidak signifikan dengan uji multivariat yaitu obesitas abdominalis, kebiasaan merokok, hipertensi dan kurang olah raga. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini ada hubungan bermakna secara statistik signifikan (p<0,05) antara ada riwayat diabetes mellitus dalam keluarga, ada mengalami gejala risiko menderita diabetes mellitus dalam kehamilan, kurang aktifitas fisik, makan makanan tinggi gula, diet tinggi Iemak, diet rendah serat, dan obesitas dengan kejadian diabetes mellitus tipe 2 pada orang dewasa di Kabupaten Boyolali.

The background is a research, that it is The diabetes mellitus type 2 in Indonesia is still public health problem, becuase on account of transition epidemiology disease from the communicable disease to the noncommunicable disease, In Indonesia rise in cases 1,3% diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus cases found period 2001'the 16 cases, 2002 the 940 cases, 2003 the 1.613 cases, and 2005 the 3.892 cases in Boyolali Regency. The a adjective is research, that it is to find out risk factor diabetes mellitus type 2 cases among adult in Boyolali Regency and give suggestions preventive new cases and for complication preventive. The Methods is research this was an analitycal study with case control approach. There were 86 samples of to bear diabetes mellitus type 2 among adult who visited to the Centre Public Health, and 175 samples of the control group coming from 2 sources, l,e 175 visitors of the Centre Public Health in Boyolali Regency. Data were obtained through interviews, direct observation, and check laboratory, from February 2006 until May 2006. Data analisys with computer by SPSS.. The research finding show that there are among 11 variables supposed to be risk factors of diabetes type 2 in Boyolali Regency. Among 9 variables supposed to be bivariate analysis were significant (p<0,05), 10 variables were multivariate analysis were 7 variables significant statistically as risk factors diabetes mellitus type 2 among adult in Boyolali Regency (p<0,005). The variables were significant analysis statistic by multivariate analysis that they were variables a family history of diabetes’ mellitus (OR 14,8, p=0,000), a history risk factor of diabetes mellitus gestasional (OR 6,6, p=0,000), a low levels history of fhysical activity (OR 3,9, p=0,002), and a dietary history of the lower fibers (OR 3,9 p=0,031), a dietary of the higth fat (OR 3,2, p=0.030), a dietary history of the hight sugar (OR 4,1, P=0,003), and obesity (OR 4,9, P=0,011). The of variables are not significant analysis statistik by multivariate analysis, that they are variables hipertention, abdominal obesity, and a habits of smoking, and a low levels history of sportsman activity The Conclusion is research, that it is a family history of diabetes mellitus, a history risk factor of the diabetes mellitus gestasional, a low levels history of fhysical activity, and a dietary history of the higth sugar sugar, 3 dietary history of the hight fat, a dietary history of the lower fibers, and obesity that they are statistikally significant (p< 0,05) as risk factors diabetes type 2 cases among adult in Boyolali Regency.

Kata Kunci : Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2,Risiko Kejadian, risk factors, DM type 2, adult, Boyolali