Penurunan kandungan Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) dan Total Suspendid Solid (TSS) limbah cair industri karet dengan cara Upflow Anaerobic Filtration :: Media kerikil

YUSFADODI, Dr.Ir. Sarto, M.Sc

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja

Efluen limbah cair industri karet yang dibuang ke badan air penerima (sungai) di Kota Padang masih menunjukkan kandungan bahan organik seperti kadar BOD, COD dan TSS masih tinggi dan melebihi baku mutu limbah cair. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini diupayakan suatu eksperimen dengan desain reaktor Upflow Anaerobic Filtration skala laboratorium. Desain reaktor terbuat dari besi plat berbentuk empat persegi menggunakan media filter kerikil. Pengaliran limbah cair masuk ke dalam bak reaktor dilakukan secara kontinyu dengan aliran dari bawah ke atas melewati media filter dan ke luar melalui sistim syphon, dengan maksud agar kondisinya nanti sama dengan kondisi reaktor pengolahan limbah cair industri karet di lapangan. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar BOD, COD dan TSS limbah cair industri karet sebelum dan setelah pengolahan dengan Upflow Anaerobic Filtration serta mengevaluasi efisiensi penurunan kadar BOD, COD dan TSS limbah cair industri karet setelah pengolahan dengan Upflow Anaerobic Filtration sebagai alternatif alat pengolah limbah cair industri karet. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian “Eksperimen Murni” dengan rancangan “time series design”, populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah limbah cair yang dihasilkan setiap hari oleh industri karet PT.Lembah Karet Padang dan sampel diambil secukupnya setiap hari jam 14.00 pada bak equalisasi. Dalam proses pengolahan limbah cair industri karet ini dilakukan variasi waktu tinggal dan diameter media kerikil. Dari hasil penelitian berdasarkan variasi waktu tinggal baik dengan debit 44,67 ml/menit, 66,67 ml/menit maupun dengan debit 88,67 ml/menit menggunakan media kerikil 5 mm - 7 mm, 10 mm – 12 mm dan 15 mm – 17 mm efisiensi penurunan kadar BOD dapat mencapai (84,42 %, 86,96 %, 87,98%, 90,55 % dan 91,95 %), COD mencapai (86,35 %, 88,52 %, 89,50 % ,91,68 % dan 93,09 %) dan TSS mencapai (87,25 %, 89,76 %, 91,90 %, 93,87 % dan 94,65 %).Hasil uji Anova terdapat perbedaan penurunan kadar BOD, COD dan TSS antar variasi waktu tinggal limbah cair industri karet dalam bak reaktor Upflow Anaerobic Filtration (p = 0,000), Hasil analisis Korelasi Pearson Product Moment menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan penurunan kadar BOD, COD dan TSS dengan lamanya waktu tinggal limbah cair industri karet dalam bak reaktor Upflow Anaerobic Filtration (p = 0,000). Hasil uji Anova tidak ada perbedaan penurunan kadar BOD, COD dan TSS antar variasi media kerikil pengolahan limbah cair industri karet dengan Upflow Anaerobic Filtration (p > 0,05). Hasil analisis Korelasi Pearson Product Moment menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan penurunan kadar BOD, COD dan TSS dengan variasi diameter media kerikil (p > 0,05).

The disposal of liquid waste effluent from rubber industries into receiving water body in Padang has showed higher content of organic materials such as BOD, COD and TSS exceeding the standard quality of liquid waste. To encounter this problem, an experiment with laboratory-scale reactor design of Upflow Anaerobic Filtration was carried out. The reactor design was made from rectangular metal sheets with gravel media filter. Liquid waste inflow to reactor basin was continually performed with up flow through filter media and outflow using syphon system to maintain similar condition as the liquid waste condition in treatment reactor of rubber industry at site. The present research aimed to identify BOD, COD and TSS contents in liquid waste of rubber industry pre-and post-treatments using the Upflow Anaerobic Filtration and examined the efficiency of reduced BOD, COD and TSS contents in the liquid waste of rubber industry post-treated using the Upflow Anaerobic Filtration as alternative for liquid waste treatment instrument in rubber industry. It was an "True Experiment” study using time series design. Populations involved liquid waste daily produced by the rubber industry of PT.Lembah Karet, Padang, and sufficient samples were taken everyday at 2 pm. In the liquid waste treatment of rubber industry, variations on Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and the diameter of gravel media were performed. Based on variations hydraulic retention time, using debit of 44.67; 66.67; and 88.67 mls/minute and gravel media of 5 mm - 7 mm, 10 mm - 12 mm and 15 mm -17 mm, reduced efficiency on BOD content of (84,42 %, 86,96 %, 87,98 %, 90,55 % and 91,95 %),COD content of (86,35 %, 88,52 %, 89,50 % ,91,68 % and 93,09 %) and TSS content of (87,25 %, 89,76 %, 91,90 %, 93,87 % and 94,65 %) were achieved, respectively. Anova results showed differences in reduced BOD,COD and TSS contents among the retention time variations of liquid waste at rubber industry within the reactor basin of Upflow Anaerobic Filtration with p = 0.000, individual retention time variation. The analysis results of Pearson’s Product Moment correlation, then, indicated significant relationship between reduced BOD, COD and TSS contents with the retention time length of liquid waste at rubber industry within the reactor basin of Upflow Anaerobic Filtration with p = 0.000. Anova results showed no difference in reduced BOD,COD and TSS contents among the gravel media variations of liquid waste at rubber industry and Upflow Anaerobic Filtration, p>0.05. The analysis results of Pearson’s Product Moment correlation, then, indicated no significant relationship between reduced BOD, COD and TSS contents with gravel media variations, p> 0.05.

Kata Kunci : Kesehatan Lingkungan,Pengolahan Limbah Cair,Industri Karet