Hubungan kadar Iodium dalam garam beriodium di rumah tangga terhadap kecukupan Iodium berdasarkan nilai Urinary Excretion of Iodium (UEI) pada wanita usia 18-45 tahun

MULYANTORO, Donny Kristanto, Prof.dr. Mohammad Hakimi, PhD.,Sp.OG(K)

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Klinik

Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium (GAKI) adalah salah satu masalah gizi di Indonesia yang akan mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Pengaruhnya terutama akan menyebabkan peningkatan kematian neonatal dan gangguan perkembangan otak, gondok, hipotiroid, dan penurunan keadaan sosial ekonomi. Kekurangan iodium terutama disebabkan karena faktor lingkungan dimana tanah dan air setempat kurang mengandung iodium. Pada daerah tersebut wanita usia subur adalah segmen penduduk yang rawan mengalami GAKI. Sebagai upaya penanggulangan, saat ini dilakukan fortifikasi iodium pada garam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur hubungan antara kadar iodium dalam garam beriodium di rumah tangga dengan kecukupan iodium berdasarkan urinary excretion of iodine (UEI). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Kragilan , Kecamatan Pakis, Kabupaten Magelang. Sebanyak 68 wanita usia 18 – 45 tahun terlibat dalam penelitian ini, yang diukur kadar iodium dalam garam yang digunakan di rumah, Kecukupan iodium berdasarkan kadar iodium urin (UEI), Konsumsi garam beriodium, makanan sumber iodium, tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa median kadar iodium dalam urin sebesar 124,59 μg/l, proporsi subyek penelitian mengalami defisiensi iodium sebesar 41,1%, normal sebesar 38,2%, lebih dari cukup sebesar 14,7% dan mengalami excess sebesar 5,9%. Rata-rata kadar iodium dalam garam beriodium di rumah tangga sebesar 19,58 ppm, proporsi garam beriodium memenuhi syarat (≥ 30 ppm) sebesar 10,3% dan tidak memenuhi syarat (< 30 ppm) sebesar 89,7%. Hasil analisis korelasi Rank Spearman menunjukkan ada hubungan bermakna antara kadar iodium dalam garam beriodium di rumah tangga dengan kecukupan iodium berdasarkan nilai urinary excretion of iodine (UEI) pada wanita usia 18 - 45 tahun (rho = 0,564, p < 0,01). Hasil analisis multivariabel diperoleh persamaan Y = 22,199 + 6,076 X1. Dengan persamaan tersebut, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan iodium, kadar iodium dalam garam beriodium berkisar antara 13 – 29 ppm.

Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) is one of the nutrition problems in Indonesia that causes decrease quality of human resource. The most damaging effects increase neonatal mortality and retarded brain development, but others are important, including goiter, hypothyroidism, and sosioeconomic deprivation. The main cause of iodine deficiency is the environmental factors where land and water in that area are poor of iodine. Childbearing age woman is one of the most vulnerable period to have IDD. Iodine fortification in salt is one of the approach to control iodine deficiency problem. The aim of this study is to measure the relationship between iodine level of iodized salt in the houshold with the iodine allowance based on urinary excretion of iodine (UEI) value. This was an observational study with cross sectional design and conducted in Kragilan village, Pakis subdistrict, Magelang. A total of 68 women age 18 – 45 years was measured for iodine level of iodized salt in the houshold, UEI which reflect iodine allowance, the amount of iodine comsumption, recall for iodine contained food consumtion, knowledge, attitude and behavior toward iodized salt consumption. The result of this study showed that median UEI was 124,9 μg/l, among subyek of study, the proportion who had iodine deficiency was 41,1%, within normal range 38,2%, had more sufficient 14,7%, and excess 5,9%. Mean iodine level of iodized salt in the houshold was 19,58 ppm, 10,3% had ≥ 30 ppm of iodine content, and 89,7% had < 30 ppm of iodine content. The rank spearman statistic analysis showed there was a significant relationship between iodine level of iodized salt in the houshold with the iodine allowance based on urinary excretion of iodine (UEI) value at women age 18 – 45 years (rho=0,564 p<0,01). Based on multivariable analysis, the regression equation was Y = 22,199 + 6,076 X1. With that equation, the level of iodine in the salt for sufficient allowance of iodine should be in the range of 13 – 29 ppm.

Kata Kunci : GAKI,Garam Beriodium, Iodized salt, allowance of iodine, IDD