Hubungan antara pertambahan berat badan, lingkar perut dan Curvatura Lumbalis dengan kontrol keseimbangan pada wanita hamil

PARYONO, Prof.Dr.dr. Soebijanto

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan Biomedis

Latar belakang, Pada kehamilan akan terjadi perubahan anatomis tubuh wanita sebagai akibat pertumbuhan janin secara progresif; berat badan bertambah, uterus dan lingkar perut membesar serta curvatura lumbalis. Rangkaian peristiwa tersebut, akibatnya titik berat masa tubuh bergeser yang selanjutnya akan menyebabkan perubahan dalam kontrol keseimbangan. Tujuan, mengungkap hubungan antar pertambahan berat badan, lingkar perut dan curvatura lumbalis dengan kontrol keseimbangan pada wanita hamil trimester 1, 2 dan 3. Bahan dan metoda, merupakan penelitian obervasional dengan rancangan cross sectional, mengambil sampel 53 ibu hamil yang terdiri dari 9 trimester 1, 12 trimester 2 dan 32 trimester 3, secara accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menimbang berat badan, mengukur lingkar perut, sudut curvatura lumbalis dan frekuensi goyangan sebagai kontrol keseimbangan dengan menggunakan stabilometer. Analisis dengan korelasi Product Moment dan regresi ganda, serta uji F dengan a : 0.05. Hasil, penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada wanita hamil trimester 1, 2 dan 3 secara berturut-turut hubungan antara pertambahan berat badan - kontrol keseimbangan 0,136, 0,435 dan -0,041, lingkar perut – kontrol keseimbangan 0,115, 0,337, dan 0,012, sudut curvatura lumbalis – kontrol keseimbangan 0,481, 0,505, dan -0,164, pertambahan berat badan – lingkar perut 0,297, 0,295, dan 0,214, lingkar perut – curvatura lumbalis 0,221, -0.396, dan -0,470, pertambahan berat badan – sudut curvatura lumbalis 0,023, 0,360, dan -0,440. Hubungan antar variable hipotesis tidak terbukti kecuali pada trimester 3 terjadai hubungan negatife signifikan antara lingkar perut – sudut curvatura lumbalis dan pertambahan berat badan – curvature lumbalis dengan p < 0,05. Pertambahan berat badan, lingkar perut, dan sudut curvatura lumbalis secara bersama-sama dengan kontrol keseimbangan wanita hamil pada trimester 1, 2, dan 3 secara berturut-turut R : 0,504, 0,774 dan 0,220 tersusun atas sumbangan relatife pertambahan berat badan 6,99%, 33,87% dan 0,06%, lingkar perut 4.98%, 20,41% dan 0,04% sedangkan sudut curvatura lumbalis 87,99%, 40,71 dan 99,9%, dengan Fh 0,568 < Ft 5,41, Fh 3,985 < Ft 4,07, dan Fh 0,476 < Ft 2,95 sehingga hipotesis tidak terbukti. Kesimpulan, Hubungan antar variabel pertambahan berat badan – lingkar perut – curvatura lumbalis dengan kontrol keseimbangan wanita hamil tidak signifikan kecuali pada lingkar perut – curvatura lumbalis dan pertambahan berat badan – curvatura lumbalis terjadi hubungan negatife signifikan pada trimester 3. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa selama hamil stabilisasi keseimbangan wanita tetap terjaga denga n cara memindahkan titik berat badan dari depan ke belakang, terutama diperankan oleh curvature lumbalis.

Background: There are anatomical changes in pregnant women due to progressive fetus growth, weight gain, growing uterus, belly circle and curvatura lumbalis. Because of such changes there is body mass shift which may affect balance control. Objective: To find out relationship between weight gain, belly circle and curvatura lumbalis and balance control of pregnant women in first, second and third trimester. Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. There were as many as 53 pregnant women accidentally taken (9 women in first trimester, 12 in second and 32 in third). Data were obtained by measuring weight, belly circle, angle of curvatura lumbalis and frequency of oscillation as balance control using stabilometer. Data analysis used product moment correlation, double regression and F test with ·=0.05. Result: The result of the study showed that in pregnant women of first, second and third trimester there was relationship between weight gain and balance control as much as 0.136; 0.435 and 0.041 subsequently, between belly circle and balance control 0.115; 0.337 and 0.012, between angle of curvatura lumbalis and balance control 0.481, 0.505 and -0.164, between weight gain and belly circle 0.297; 0.295 and 0.214, between belly circle and curvantura lumbalis 0.221; 0.396 and -0.470, between weight gain and angle of curvantura lumbalis 0.023; 0.360 and -0.440. The hypothesis was unproven in the relationship among variables, except that in third trimester there was significant negative relationship between belly circle and angle of curvatura lumbalis and between weight gain and curvantura lumb alis with p<0.05. Wight gain, belly circle and angle of curvatura lumbalis and balance control of pregnant women in first, second and third trimester subsequently indicated R:0.504; 0.774 and 0.220 comprising weight gain relative contribution as much as 6.99%, 33.87% and 0.06%; belly circle 4.98%, 20.41% and 0.04% whereas angle of curvatura lumbalis 87.99%, 40.71% and 99.9% with Fh 0.568, Ft 5.41, Fh 3.985 < Ft 4.07, and Fh 0.476 < Ft 2.95. Therefore the hypothesis was unproven. Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between weight gain, angle of curvatura lumbalis and balance control of pregnant women, except that there was significantly negative relationship in the third trimester between belly circle and angle of curvatura lumbalis. In conclusion during pregnancy the balance remained stable by shifting weight from the front to the rear (back) particularly made by curvatura lumbalis.

Kata Kunci : Wanita Hamil,Berat Badan,Kontrol Keseimbangan, weight gain, belly circle, curvantura lumbalis, balance control, pregnant women