Kajian pengembangan hutan Mangrove di kawasan pesisir Kabupaten Sumba Barat Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

LEIDJU, Johanis Niga, Prof.Dr. H. Totok Gunawan, MS

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Mamboro, Laura, Kodi, Kodi Bangedo dan Lamboya Kabupaten Sumba Barat Propisi Nusa Tenggara Timur dengan tujuan, pertama mengkaji keberadaan dan kondisi hutan mangrove, kedua mengkaji karakteristik fisik maupun biotik hutan mangrove serta ketiga mengkaji persepsi masyarakat terhadap hutan mangrove. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode jalur (transek) dengan penetapan petak ukur secara systematic sampling dengan intensitas sampling 10 %. Parameter yang diukur meliputi aspek fisik (Tekstur tanah, pH tanah, kadar bahan organik tanah, salinitas, kelas penggenangan, suhu air) dan aspek biotik meliputi keanekaragaman jenis (Kerapatan, frekwensi dan dominansi serta Indeks Nilai Penting (INP)) pada tingkat tiang semai dan pohon serta aspek sosial yang meliputi tingkat pendidikan, pendapatan, mata pencaharian serta sikap dan persepsi masyarakat. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis vegetasi untuk mengetahui komposisi dan keanekaragaman jenis vegetasi penyusun hutan mangrove, dan klaster analisis berdasarkan Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) untuk mengetahui pengelompokan lokasi berdasarkan kemiripan karakteristiknya, serta tabulasi data hasil wawancara dengan beberapa responden di sekitar lokasi penelitian untuk mengetahui sikap dan persepsi masyarakat terhadap hutan mangrove. Hasil analisis kondisi fisik menunjukkan tingkat kesesuaian lahan tinggi sampai sedang untuk formasi mangrove campuran. Kondisi ekosistem kurang stabil serta keanekaragaman jenis rendah dengan indeks keanekaragaman jenis < 1, pada tingkat pertumbuhan semai, tiang dan pohon. Pada masing-masing lokasi penelitian terdapat 4 – 5 jenis mangrove penyusun vegetasi hutan mangrove yang terdiri dari genus : Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Sonneratia, Avicennia, Ceriops dan Xylocarpus. Aspek sosial berupa tingkat pendidikan dan tingkat pendapatan serta kurangnya lapangan kerja mempengaruhi sikap dan persepsi masyarakat untuk berlaku negatif terhadap hutan mangrove.

The research locates in Mamboro, Laura, Kodi, Kodi Bangedo and Lamboya sub-districts in West Sumba regency East Nusa Tenggara province. It aims to study mangrove forest existence and condition, to study its physical and biotic characteristics, and to understand the people’s perception and attitude toward mangrove forest. The research applies track method by determining land plot in the systematic sampling technique of 10% sampling intensity. The measured parameters include physical aspect (soil structure, pH, organic material content, salinity, inundation class, and water temperature), biotic aspect including diversity of types (density, frequency and domination, and significance score index at the level of sowing pole and plant, and social aspect which includes level of education, income, and occupation, as well as attitude and perception of the society. It uses vegetation analysis to identify the composition and diversity of vegetation types forming mangrove forest; uses cluster of analysis based on the Significance Score Index to find out grouping of locations based on similarity of its characteristics; and uses tabulation of the results of interview with respondents from around the research location in order to understand the society’s attitude and perception on the mangrove forest. The research results concerning the physical condition identify high to medium levels of land appropriateness for mixed mangrove formation. The ecosystem condition is less stable while the type diversity is low with a type diversity index of <1 at the level of seedling growth, pole and plant. In each research location are identified 4-5 mangrove types that form mangrove forest vegetation. They are Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Sonneratia, Avicennia, Ceriops, and Xyllocarpus genera. The social aspect such as educational and income levels as well as lack of employment affects the society’s perception and attitudes that lead to their negative treatment to mangrove forest.

Kata Kunci : Hutan Mangrove, Pengembangan, Kawasan Pesisir