The Analysis of Local Firms Competitiveness :: Case study in selected industries in daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

HERDIANA, Fatriya, Poppy Ismalina, SE.,M.Ec.Dev

2005 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen

Proses globalisasi telah menjadikan industri di setiap negara bersaing semakin ketat, termasuk di Indonesia. Untuk menghadapi persaingan tersebut, penting bagi pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengidentifikasi industri-industri potensial di setiap daerah. Analisis terhadap industri dan daya saing perusahaan lokal/daerah akan bermanfaat dalam membentuk strategi bersaing suatu daerah dalam menghadapi globalisasi. Daerah penelitian adalah Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. DI Yogyakarta dipilih karena beberapa tahun terakhir terjadi fenomena menarik yang mengindikasikan perubahan kontribusi secara terus-menerus antara tiga grup sektor industri, yaitu sektor primer, sektor sekunder dan sektor tersier. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi sektor-sektor unggulan pada daerah penelitian, menetapkan pengaruh pertumbuhan industri terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah dan mengidentifikasi faktor -faktor yang mempengaruhi daya saing perusahaan lokal/daerah. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara bertahap dengan menggunakan beberapa pendeletan, yaitu Shift-Share analisis, Location Quotient analisis, National Advantage Diamond oleh Porter dan Logit Model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sektor -sektor yang unggul di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Dapat disimpulkan juga pengaruh pertumbuhan industri terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah serta daya saing industri-industri lokal di tingkat nasional. Selain itu dapat dibuktikan bahwa hanya satu variabe 1 yang secara statistik memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap daya saing perusahaan lokal/daerah, yaitu total produk/jasa yang beredar di pasar.

Globalization has put industries in all countries into high pressure of competition, including Indonesia. In the future, it is important for Indonesia's government to recognize the potential industries in a region. Furthermore, analyzing the competitiveness of the local firms would benefit in developing competitive strategic of region in facing globalization. The area of this research has been narrowed down to Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province. This province is preferred to be observed since there is an interesting phenomenon indicating continuous changes of the contribution role of three sectors groups (primary, secondary and tertiary). The objectives of this research are to identify the key sector industries in the region and assess its current performance, to determine the major industrial shift implication on local economic growth and to identify influencing factors toward local firm's competitiveness. This research is conducted using several methods, that is Shift-Share analysis, Location Quotient analysis, Diamond of National Advantage by Porter and The Logit Model of econometric. The result of this research points out the key sector industries of regions in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Next, tie relative advantage of industrial shift to overall local economic growth is positive. Means that the growth of industries, proportionally has more likely to contribute to the growth of the local area. But, overall, the relative competitive advantage of average industries in local area compare to the same industries nationally was less competitive. And last, there was only 1 (one) variable which statistically significance to the firm's competitiveness, that was total product/service offered in the market.

Kata Kunci : Strategi Bersaing,Perusahaan Daerah,Sektor Unggulan, industri daerah, sektor unggulan, perusahaan daerah, daya saing