Pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik dan anorganik terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil dan kualitas bawang daun pada dua musim tanam

PANGESTUTI, Sri Dadi, Dr.Ir. Endang Sulistyaningsih, M.Sc

2006 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk organik dan anorganik terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil dan kualitas bawang daun pada dua musim tanam. Penelitian dilaksanakan di dusun Sutopadan, desa Ngestiharjo, kecamatan Kasihan, kabupaten Bantul, Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, pada ketinggian tempat ± 120 meter dari permukaan laut dari bulan Februari - Juni 2006. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah percobaan faktorial ( 7 x 2 ) yang disusun menurut rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah macam pupuk terdiri atas tujuh aras yaitu tanpa pupuk, azolla, punik, pupuk kandang, azolla + anorganik, punik + anorganik, pupuk kandang + anorganik. Faktor kedua adalah jenis bawang daun terdiri atas dua aras yaitu Super dan Muntilan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap analisis tanah dan pupuk organik, pertumbuhan, hasil dan kualitas bawang daun. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis kontras orthogonal dengan α = 5 %, apabila terdapat beda nyata antar perlakuan maka dilanjutkan dengan Duncan Multiple Range Test α = 5 %. Analisis tanah: pH agak masam, kadar C organik, kadar N total, nisbah C/N, bahan organik, DHL, dan kadar lengas sangat rendah. Residu pemberian pupuk pH menjadi netral, kadar C organik, nisbah C/N, kandungan bahan organik, DHL dan lengas tanah meningkat kecuali kadar N total menurun. Pada musim tanam pertama pemberian pupuk menghasilkan berat segar tertinggi sebesar 46,95 g per polybag dan terendah tanpa pemberian pupuk 19,53 g per polybag. Macam pupuk organik dan penambahan pupuk anorganik tidak berbeda nyata. Berat segar per rumpun jenis Super dan Muntilan tidak berbeda nyata. Pemberian pupuk meningkatkan waktu transpirasi, menurunkan prosentase kerusakan dan kadar gula reduksi. Musim tanam kedua residu pemberian pupuk menghasilkan berat segar tertinggi sebesar 14,93 g per polybag dan terendah tanpa pemberian pupuk 3,65 g per polybag. Residu pemberian azolla memberikan hasil tertinggi. Residu penambahan anorganik meningkatkan hasil bawang daun. Residu kombinasi pemberian azolla dan pupuk anorganik memberikan hasil tertinggi pada jenis Super dan Muntilan. Residu perlakuan pupuk memberikan hasil dan kualitas bawang daun yang lebih rendah pada musim tanam kedua.

The aim of this research was to study the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of bunching onion in twice planting seasons. This research was conducted at Sutopadan sub-village, Ngestiharjo village, subdistrict of Kasihan, Bantul regency, Yogyakarta special territory province with altitude of 120 meter high above the sea level surface from February to June, 2006 The experiment methode was a factorial ( 7 x 2 ) and it was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The first factor was the kind of fertilizers, i. e. without fertilizer apllication, azolla, fermented manure, manure fertilizer, azolla + inorganic, fermented manure + inorganic, and manure fertilizer + inorganic. The second factor was the kind of bunching onion i. e. Super and Muntilan. Data were observed in soil analysis, growth, yield and quality of bunching onion. The data obtained were analized using the contrast orthogonal α = 5 % and there were significantly different among the treatments the data were analyzed with Duncan Multiple Range Test with α = 5 %. The soil analysis: pH acid, C organic content, N total content, organic substance, DHL, and soil moisture of low. Residue effect of fertilizer pH netral, C-organic content, organic substance and DHL moisture increase except N total content decrease. In the application first planting season yield crop fresh weight was 46,95 g per polybag and low yield without fertilizer apllication 19,53 g per polybag. Kinds of organic fertilizer and increasing inorganic fertilizer no significant. Crop fresh weight kinds of Super and Muntilan no significant. The effect of fertilizers transpiration time increase, percent of damage and suger content decrease. Second planting seasons showed the residue effect of fertilizer high yield crop fresh weight 14,93 g per polybag and low yield without fertilizer apllication 3,65 g per polybag. Residue effect of azolla give high yield and inorganic increase yield of bunching onion. Residue combination azolla and inorganic fertilizer give high yield kind of Super and Muntilan. Residue treatment of fertilizer give yield and quality of bunching onion low of second planting seasons.

Kata Kunci : Tanaman Bawang Daun,Pupuk Organik dan Anorganik,Pertumbuhan, Organic fertilizer, Inorganic fertilizer, bunching onion, planting seasons