Pengaruh airtanah bebas pada satuan bentuk lahan terhadap pola penggunaan air domestik di Daerah Aliran Sungai Pemali Kabupaten Brebes-Tegal Provinsi Jawa Tengah

MISWADI, Siti Sundari, Promotor Prof.Dr. Sudarmadji, M.Eng.Sc

2005 | Disertasi | S3 Antar Bidang (Ilmu Lingkungan)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan kualitas dan kuantitas airtanah bebas hubungannya dengan pola penggunaan air domestik dengan (1) menganalisis kualitas dan kuantitas airtanah bebas di sumur-sumur gali, hubungannya dengan kondisi sanitasi berdasarkan satuan bentuklahan, (2) mengevaluasi pengaruh kualitas airtanah bebas terhadap pola penggunaan air domestik, (3) mengevaluasi pengaruh faktor sosial-ekonomi keluarga terhadap jenis dan variasi waktu penggunaan air, dan (4) mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap kondisi sumber air dan permasalahannya. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, kuesioner, analisis laboratoris, dan penelitian lapangan, dengan teknik sampling Area Purposive Random Sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan (1) analisis spasial, yaitu memetakan agihan kelas konsentrasi / nilai tiap-tiap parameter kualitas airtanah bebas secara visual, dan (2) analisis diagramatis, untuk menyajikan data kualitas airtanah bebas dalam bentuk diagram Stiff. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : 1. Berdasarkan perbedaan kemiringan lereng dan kesamaan jarak sumur terhadap sumber limbah, maupun kedalaman muka airtanah di daerah atas (upper), daerah tengah (middle), dan daerah bawah (lower) di DAS Pemali disimpulkan, bahwa parameter kualitas airtanah bebas yang konsentrasinya melebihi batas Baku Mutu Air (BMA) di daerah bawah ( lower ), merupakan akumulasi parameter kualitas airtanah bebas daerah atas (upper) dan daerah tengah (middle) 2. Dikaitkan dengan indikator parameter kualitas airtanah bebas, yaitu TDS dan DHL daerah volkanik (V3 dan V4) di DAS Pemali yang batuannya terdiri atas endapan lahar Gunung Slamet, breksi gunungapi, lava, dan tufa disimpulkan, daerah ini mempunyai nilai DHL relatif tetap, dan kadar TDS lebih dari nilai DHL 3. Makin tinggi kadar karbonat, jumlah penggunaan air untuk masak semakin sedikit di V3 dan F2, dan makin tinggi kadar karbonat, semakin banyak air yang digunakan untuk keperluan mandi di D1. Kondisi ini terjadi di daerah yang belum terlayani sambungan pipa dari PDAM (40%) 4. Faktor sosial – ekonomi masyarakat tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah air yahg digunakan. Tingkat pendidikan tamat SD dan tidak tamat SD mempengaruhi jumlah penggunaan air pada kegiatan mencuci dengan korelasi negatif, artinya semakin rendah tingkat pendididikan kepala keluarga, semakin banyak penggunaan air untuk mencuci. Penghasilan keluarga lebih dari satu juta rupiah mempengaruhi jumlah penggunaan air terhadap variasi waktu; semakin tinggi tingkat penghasilan keluarga, semakin banyak penggunaan air pada pagi dan malam hari 5. Persepsi masyarakat tentang air yang digunakan sudah memenuhi syarat - syarat kesehatan sebanyak 53,37%, tidak tahu (25,43%), dan belum memenuhi ( 9,66%). Kondisi kesehatan keluarga hubungannya dengan tersedianya air bersih terungkap, penyakit yang menjangkiti penduduk di daerah penelitian adalah diare (36,57%), gatal-gatal (28,12%), mata (2,23%), dan radang tenggorok (5%). Penyebab mudahnya terserang penyakit karena kurang menjaga kebersihan (31,12%), kualitas air kurang baik (16,9%), dan makanan kurang bergizi (12,84%).

This study is meant to map the quality and quantity of groundwater in relation to the domestic pattern of water consumption by (1) analysing the relationship between the quality and quantity of groundwater in the well and sanitation conditions based on their landform, (2) evaluating the effect of the quality of groundwater on the domestic pattern of water consumption, (3) evaluating the effect of social and economic factors of the family on the type and variety of period of time for water consumption, and (4) finding out the community’s perception on the condition of water resources and their problems. The data were collected by the use of observation, interviews, questionnaires, laboratory analysis, and field research, by the use of an Area Purposive Random Sampling technique. The data were analyzed by the use of a spatial analysis, that is mapping the parts of concentration class/ the value of each parameter of the quality of groundwater visually, and (2) a diagrammatic analysis to present the data on the quality of groundwater by using Stiff diagram. The results of the study are shown as follows. 1. Based on the angular degree of the slope, and equal distance of the well from the waste sources and the depth of the groundwater level in upper areas, middle areas, and lower areas of the Pemali River basin, it could be concluded that the parameter of the quality of groundwater that exceeds Water Quality Standard in lower areas is the accumulation of parameter of the quality of groundwater in upper areas and middle areas 2. Based on the parameter indicators of the quality of groundwater, that is TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) and Electrical Conductivity, the volcanic areas (V3 and V4) in Pemali River basin which consists of volcanic mudflows of Slamet Mountain, volcanic breccia, lava, and volcanic ash, it could be concluded that these areas have a relatively fixed EC value and their TDS content is higher that the EC value 3. The higher the content of the carbonate is, the smaller the amount of the water consumption for cooking in V3 and F2 will be, and the higher the content of carbonate is, the more the water will be used for taking a bath in D1. This condition takes place in the area which is not supplied with pipes from Regional Water Company (40%) 4. Social and economic factors of the community do not affect the quantity of the water consumption. The level of education (Primary School and Primary School Drop-Out) negatively correlates with the consumption of water for washing. This means that the lower the level of the education of the people is, the more they will use water for washing. The income of more one million rupiahs affects the consumption of water for certain period of time. The higher the income of the family is, the more they will use the water during morning and evening period 5. On the community’s perception on water, 53.37% of them perceive that the water fulfills the health requirement, 25.43% of them can’t say about the fulfillment of the health requirement, and 9.66% of them perceive that the water does not fulfill the health requirement. On the relationship between the family’s health and the availability of clean water, it is found that the diseases infecting the people are diarrhea (36,57%), itchy symptoms (28,12%), eye diseases (2,23%), and sore throat (5%). Causes of being susceptible to diseases infection are less hygienic behavior (31,12%), poor water quality (16,9%), and less nutritious food (12,84%).

Kata Kunci : Air Tanah Bebas,Kualitas dan Kuantitas,Penggunaan Air Domestik, free groundwater, unit of landform, water use pattern, domestic water