Penilaian ekonomi lahan dan keberlanjutan usahatani di kawasan pinggiran Kota Yogyakarta

HUSODO, Sapto, Promotor Prof.Dr.Ir. Sri Widodo, M.Sc

2005 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Pertanian (Ekonomi Pertanian)

Di tengah situasi persaingan penggunaan lahan di kawasan kota dan pinggiran kota, sektor usahatani di kawasan ini masih memainkan peranan penting dalam memberikan berbagai manfaat baik sosial, ekonomis ataupun lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan penilaian ekonomi terhadap lahan usahatani di kawasan pinggiran kota, menganalisis keinginan petani untuk meninggalkan usahatani, menganalisis “daya tarik” sektor non usahatani bagi petani yang dapat mempengaruhi petani untuk meninggalkan atau mempertahankan usahatani dan menganalisis gejala keberlanjutan usahatani di kawasan pinggiran kota Yogyakarta. Metode dasar yang digunakan adalah CVM (Contingent Valuation Method). Lokasi penelitian di kawasan pinggiran kota Yogyakarta dan wilayah kotamadya Yogyakarta. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan model regresi logistik ordinal dan model regresi logistik nominal. Adanya manfaat lingkungan menyebabkan warga kota Yogyakarta bersedia membayar WTP terhadap keberadaan lahan usahatani di kawasan pinggiran kota sebagai gambaran nilai ekonomi total sumberdaya tersebut. Pada kondisi usahatani tanpa rencana perbaikan, petani di kawasan pinggiran kota yang memiliki pendapatan total rumahtangga petani per bulan, nilai produktivitas usahatani dan harga lahan yang tinggi cenderung untuk memilih tetap berusahatani. Jika petani berniat meninggalkan usahatani adanya perbaikan usahatani ternyata belum menjamin petani untuk tidak meninggalkan usahataninya. Namun dengan adanya rencana perbaikan usahatani, semakin tinggi harga lahan dan semakin lama pengalaman berusahatani petani semakin cenderung bertahan di usahatani. Dengan demikian upaya untuk mengembangkan sektor usahatani di kawasan pinggiran kota tetap akan efektif meski dalam situasi semakin dinamisnya pertumbuhan kawasan geografi dan demografi di pinggiran kota Yogyakarta Baik ada atau tanpa perbaikan usahatani sebagian besar petani menginginkan besarnya pendapatan yang akan diperoleh dari aktivitas non usahatani yang menyebabkan mereka bersedia meninggalkan usahatani adalah lebih dari 5 kali pendapatan usahatani sekarang. Perbaikan usahatani ternyata tidak merubah sikap petani menyangkut ketertarikan mereka terhadap aktivitas non usahatani dari segi pendapatan. Pengukuran keberlanjutan usahatani di kawasan pinggiran kota Yogyakarta dengan menggunakan model SF dan LFS menunjukkan hasil yang agak berbeda disebabkan perbedaan konsepsi dan skala pengukuran.

Even though under emulation situation of land use in urban and peri urban area, farm sector in peri urban area still plays important role in giving various benefit to the society. This research aims to conduct economic valuation to farmland in peri urban area, analyses farmer readiness to leave the farm activity, analyses the attraction of non-farm sector to the farmer that can influence farmer to leave or maintain their activity in farm sector, and analyses phenomenon of farm sustainability in Yogyakarta peri urban area. The basic method used in this research was CVM method (Contingent Valuation Method). The research located in peri urban area of Yogyakarta and in Yogyakarta municipality region. Hypothesis examinations were conducted by using ordinal logistics regression model and nominal logistics regression model. Results indicate that the existence of total use value of farmland in peri urban area makes Yogyakarta municipality resident ready to pay for WTP (willingness to pay). Under existing condition, the farmers who have high total household income per month, high value of farm productivity and high price of farm land tend to act in farm activity. In other word, the tendency of farmer to leave their farm would happen if they face the low of total household income per month, the value of farm productivity, and the price of farm land. If the farmer wants to leave the farm activity, the existence of improved condition did not assure that the farmer would not leave their farm. But under this improved condition, the higher the land price the higher the probability of farmer tendency to still act in their farm. Therefore, there will be still effective opportunity to improve and develop farm activity in Yogyakarta peri urban area. Whether in existing and improved situation most farmer wish to gain non farm activity earning as much more than 5 times as earnings of existing farm activity so that they were ready to leave farm activity. This matter depicts that although there will be improved action in order to repair farm trouble-shooting faced by farmer, the farmer’s interest to the non-farm activity did not change. The measurement of farm sustainability by using sustainability of farm (SF) model and Level of Farm Sustainability (LFS) model rather differs caused by different conception and scale of measurement. However, the both models could be used to explain the relationship between sustainability of farm in peri urban area with some social and economic factors.

Kata Kunci : valuasi ekonomi, WTP, keberlanjutan usahatani, pinggiran kota