Simulasi dan Tabloidisasi hiburan di televisi

SANTOSA, Hedi Pudjo, Promotor Prof.Dr. Sunyoto Usman, MA

2005 | Disertasi | S3 Sosiologi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari penjelasan mengapa media melakukan simulasi dan tabloidisasi informasi hiburan di televisi, mengapa masyarakat mengkonsumsi infotainmen dan bagaimana pola konsumsi tersebut dijalankan. Tujuan lain dari penelitian ini adalah memaknai infotainmen sebagai upaya untuk memotret gaya hidup selebritis serta bagaimana industri media dijalankan. Penelitian dilakukan di kawasan Perumahan Bumi Prayudan Magelang. Perspektif yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Simulasi dari Jean Baudrillard (2001) dengan menggunakan model analisis resepsi penonton terhadap acara televisi dari Ien Ang (1990). Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara mendalam dan pengamatan terlibat. Data lainnya diperoleh dari dokumentasi, buku dan sumber bacaan. Selain itu juga dilakukan analisis isi media dengan cara merekam beberapa episode infotainmen pada 9 stasiun televisi swasta. Analisis data dari informan penelitian difokuskan untuk mengetahui mengapa ngrumpi tenang selebritis telah menjadi perbincangan keseharian. Sementara itu analisis isi media berguna untuk mendeskripsikan kecenderungan media melakukan simulasi dan tabloidisasi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : Pertama, dalam berbagai kesempatan informal infotainmen adalah akses bagi penonton untuk masuk dalam perbincangan publik. Sebagai sarana ngrumpi, infotainmen berhasil mengalihkan penonton terhadap persoalan sosial lain yang membutuhkan pemikiran dan perenungan serius. Kedua, penonton menyadari bahwa simulasi dan tabloidisasi adalah ujud komodifikasi dunia hiburan yang dilakukan media, sehingga ketidakpastian berita dunia selebritis adalah kepastian yang diyakini penonton. Dengan kata lain fungsi informasi sebagai upaya mengurangi ketidakpastian justeru menambah ketidak pastian suatu realitas.Ketiga, cara konsumsi infotainmen yang dilakukan penonton memang menimbulkan kekhawatiran dan kerawanan, misalnya menikmati sajian infotainmen tanpa henti yang berpotensi menjadikan penonton kecanduan, tetapi kemampuan membedakan realitas media dengan realitas keseharian membantu mereka agar tidak terjebak terhadap dunia citraan yang diciptakan media. Keempat, penonton infotainmen adalah komunitas kekinian yang muncul karena determinasi teknologi komunikasi terutama televisi, dalam pandangan Jean Baudrillard penonton adalah masyarakat yang mengalami peleburan (implosion) menjadi massa. Perilaku penonton dan reaksi mereka dalam memaknai infotainmen tidak lagi merujuk kepada ciri struktur dan peran sosial yang disandangnya, seperti tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan maupun jabatan sosial lain, melainkan telah melebur dalam psikologi komunal penonton.Perilaku konsumsi penonton cenderung cair tanpa batas-batas sosial pada saat memaknai infotainmen, reaksi, emosi dan empati mereka relatif sama. Kelima, sikap negara cenderung membiarkan infotainmen berkembang secara berlebihan, karena dianggap tidak membahayakan dan mengusik kehidupan pemerintah secara langsung, bahkan infotainmen dipandang sebagai sarana eskapisme, media katarsis dan upaya relaksasi bagi penonton. Keenam, perlu perlindungan terhadap penonton yang tidak membutuhkan informasi tertentu pada jam-jam tertentu dan kampanye tentang media literacy (penonton yang melek media).

This research aimed to clarify the reasons why media performed simulation and tabloidization information-entertainment (infotainment) on television, why the community consumed such infotainment and how the patterns of consumption took their courses. In addition, this research tried to define infotainment as an effort to portray celebrities’ lifestyles and the way industry of media operated. This research took place at Perumahan Bumi Prayudan, Magelang. Simulation of Jean Baudrillard (2001) was used as the perspective of this research, employing receptive analysis model on the viewers’ reception on television programmes Ien Ang (1990). The whole data were collected through in-depth interviews and involved-observations, documentations, books and any other reading materials. Besides, there was analysis on some episodes of infotainment broadcasted in 9 private TV stations, which were recorded accordingly. Analysis on the data gained from the informers focused on exposing why gossiping on celebrities had been a sort of daily conversation. In the other part, analysis on the content of the media tried to bring to light media’s tendency to perform simulation and tabloidisation. What this research found confirmed that: firstly, in a various informal opportunities infotainment constituted an access through which the viewers might come to public talk. As a means of gossip ing, infotainment had triumphantly diverted the viewers’ attention from any other social problems that required grave thought and attention. Secondly, the viewers realized that simulation and tablodization represented commodification of entertainment world taken by media, so that uncertainty in the news of celebrities’ world composed a certainty the viewers took convincingly. In other word, the function of information as an effort to reduce uncertainty, on the contrary, intensified an uncertainty of a reality. Thirdly, the way the viewers consumed infotainment gave rise to anxiety and vulnerability. For instance, watching infotainment over and over again was likely to stick viewers with addiction. In this situation, being able to recognize reality of media and reality of ordinary life would help the viewers not getting stuck in imagery world media had already created. Fourthly, those who viewed infotainment belonged to contemporary communities whose emergence was determined by communication technology, television in particular. Jean Baudrillard distinguished viewers as community that experienced implosion, changing into masses The manners of the viewers and their reactions in defining infotainment no longer referred to given characteristics of social roles and structures attached to them, such as education level, occupation and any other social positions. Rather, they were dissolving into viewers’ communal psychology. Consumption behavior of these viewers tended to be loose, without any social boundaries as they defined infotainment their reactions, emotions, and empathies were relatively alike. Fifthly, the government tended to let loose the exaggerating growth of infotainment as they regarded it as being harmless and not disrupting the governmental execution in a direct way. On the contrary, infotainment was regarded as a means for escapism, as a catharsis medium and as a way for relaxation to its viewers. Sixthly, a protection was considerably necessary for the viewers who did not necessitate certain information in certain hours, and campaign on media literacy was as well (intended to the viewers with media literacy)

Kata Kunci : Sosiologi Media,Industri Hiburan,Stasiun Televisi,Infotainment, Simulation, tabloidization, media literacy, reception analysis, implosion, and infotainment.