Kematangan karir siswa SMA Jayapura Provinsi Papua

PARTINO, H.R, Promotor Prof.Dr. Sri Mulyani Martaniah, MA

2005 | Disertasi | S3 Psikologi

Latar belakang masalah penelitian ini adalah bahwa konsep perkembangan karir dan kematangan karir masih awam baik di sekolah, dunia kerja, maupun di masyarakat. Perhatian para ahli psikologi terhadap teori perkembangan karir, khususnya perkembangan karir siswa SMA masih kurang. Di Indonesia, penelitian yang berkaitan dengan kematangan karir terbatas sekali. Oleh karena itu, penulis melakukan penelitian lapangan untuk menguji sebuah model kematangan karir siswa SMA. Tujuan umum penelitian adalah menguji model kematangan karir. Kematangan karir dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor layanan bimbingan, persepsi penjurusan, riwayat hidup, efikasi-diri, prestasi akademik dan etnik. Penelitian ini diharapkan memberi sumbangan terhadap pengembangan psikologi karir. Subjek sebanyak 616 siswa. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan tes, skala dan daftar isan. Tes digunakan untuk mengetahui kompetensi pilihan karir. Skala digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data sikap pilihan karir, persepsi penjurusan dan efikasi-diri. Daftar isian digunakan untuk memperoleh data riwayat hidup siswa, daftar nilai murni ulangan umum bersama dan etnik. Model persamaan struktural dirancang untuk menganalisis data secara lebih komprehensif dan integratif faktor-faktor penentu kematangan karir. Hasil analisis bermanfaat untuk menguji model kematangan karir, mengetahui pengaruh langsung, pengaruh tidak langsung dan pengaruh total. Analisis multivariat digunakan untuk menguji perbedaan rata-rata kematangan karir antara siswa asli, campuran dan siswa luar. Analisis hubungan digunakan untuk menguji konsistensi kesenangan siswa terhadap mata pelajaran di SD, SMP dan SMA serta untuk menguji hubungan aspirasi pekerjaan siswa dengan pekerjaan orangtua. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan model kematangan karir teoritis didukung data empiris (delapan jenis uji kesesuaian). Secara lebih khusus penelitian ini menemukan: (1) layanan bimbingan, persepsi penjurusan dan riwayat hidup berpengaruh terhadap kematangan karir; (2) layanan bimbingan, persepsi penjurusan dan riwayat hidup berpengaruh terhadap efikasi-diri; (3) layanan bimbingan, persepsi penjurusan dan riwayat hidup berpengaruh terhadap prestasi akademik; (4) efikasi-diri berpengaruh terhadap prestasi akademik; (5) tidak terdapat perbedaan kematangan karir antara siswa asli, campuran dan siswa luar; (6) terdapat konsistensi kesenangan siswa terhadap mata pelajaran di SD, SMP dan SMA; dan (7) terdapat hubungan aspirasi pekerjaan siswa dengan pekerjaan orangtua.

Students, employees and community members are often unfamiliar with the concepts of career maturity and career development. Psychology scholars’ concerns toward the theory of career development, especially Senior High School (SMA) students’ career development, are not sufficient enough. In Indonesia, studies related to career maturity are very limited. Based on those notions, current research is aimed to verify a model of career maturity on SMA students. The model suggests that career maturity is affected by many factors, i.e. counselling service, perception of study majoring, life history, self-efficacy, academic achievement, and ethnic background. Research subjects consisted of 616 SMA students. Data was collected using career maturity inventory, psychological scale, and questionnaire methods. Career maturity inventory was employed to recognize students’ majoring competence; psychological scale to gather data of attitudes toward chosen career, perception of study majoring, and self-efficacy; and questionnaire to gather data of students’ life history, final academic test score and ethnic background. Structural equation model was developed to analyze career maturity determinant facto rs. Outcomes of the analysis were used to verify the career maturity model and to find out direct, indirect and total effects. Multivariate analysis was utilized to assess mean differences of career maturity among students from native, mixed, and other ethnic. Correlation analysis was operated to evaluate relation between students’ career aspiration and their parents’ career. The research results showed that the theoretical model of career maturity is supported by empirical data, namely the eight category of measurement. Specifically, the research results are: 1) counselling service, perception of study majoring and life history had a significant effect on selfefficacy; 2) counselling service, perception of study majoring and life history had a significant effect on academic achievement; 3) self-efficacy had a significant effect on academic achievement; 5) there was no significant difference of career maturity between students from native, mixed and other ethnic; 6) there was a consistency of students’ preference toward lesson subjects across elementary school (SD), junior high school (SMP) and senior high school (SMA); and 7) there was a significant correlation between students’ career aspiration and their parents’ career.

Kata Kunci : Kematangan Karier,Efikasi Diri dan Prestasi Akademik,Etnik