Social integration of new housing community into local neighbourhood communities :: Case study Yogyakarta

SETYOWATI, Fransisca Xaveria Wahyu, Ir. Leksono Probo Subanu, MURP.,Ph.D

2005 | Tesis | Magister Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah

Penelitian ini mengenai integrasi sosial masyarakat perumahan baru dengan masyarakat setempat (kampung) sekitarnya. Fenomena ini terjadi sejak tahun 2000an, dengan dibangunnya banyak perumahan barn, dengan jumlah sedikit, di sekitar kampung khususnya di daerah pinggiran kota Yogyakarta. Fokus penelitian ini terletak pada perbedaan karakteristik dan masyarakat yang menyebabkan perbedaan antara masyarakat yang tinggal di perumahan baru dengan masyarakat setempat yang sudah ada sebelunmya. Selain itu juga untuk mempelajari dampak dan sruktur spasial yang menyebabkan terjadinya mtegrasi sosial antara kedua masyarakat tersebut. Untuk mengetahui tingkat integrasi sosial antara masyarakat di lingkungan perumahan dengan masyarakat kampung sekitaruya, maka akan diambil 3 tipe stmktur spasial sebagai berikut: (1) perumahan yang terletak di tengah kampung (2) perumahan yang terletak dekat dengan kampung dan (3) perumahan yang letaknya terpisah sama sekali dengan kampung. Dalam studi ini dengan hipotesa bahwa semakin dekat jarak antara perumahan dengan kampung, semakin berintegras keduanya, serta karakteristik demografi antara penghum perumahan barn dan kampung mempengaruhi tingkat integrasi sosialnya. Penelitian mi menggunakan metoda kualitatif dan kuantitatif, serta pengumpulan data didapatkan dengan observasi, menyebarkan kuisioner dan wawancara secara langsung. Beberapa hasil penelitian yang dapat disaxnpaikan adalah bahwa proses mtegrasi sosial antara masyarakat perumahan baru dengan kampung sekitarnya terjadi melalui komunikasi antara keduanya, balk secara formal maupun informal, juga melalui keterlibatan masyarakat dalam kegiatan sosial kemasyarakatan. Selain itu, integrasi sosial juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor$aktor seperti perbedaan usia, pekerjaan dan kepemilikan runrnh. Perbedaan-perbedaan mi, yang kadang akan mempengaruhi komunikasi, mteraksi dan lebih jauh lagi integrasi sosial antara masyarakat peruinahan dan masyarakat kampung.

This study concerns the social integration of new housing communities into local neighbourhood communities, with the case study in Yogyakarta. Since 2000s, the growth of the new housing in small groups has increased, especially in the fringe area of Yogyakarta. The focus of this study lies in the different characteristic of communities such as custom, way of life, and tradition cause the gap between people who live in the new housing and in kampung. So this study is to know the social integration between new housing communities as the new comers and the local neighbourhood (kampung) as the natives. The other is to study the impact of the spatial structure that influences the integration between new housing communities and kampung communities. To know the level of integration of society who lives in the new housing communities into the local neighbourhood communities, I take three types of spatial structure as follows; 1) new housing within the spatial arrangement of the existing kampung; 2) new housing next to the spatial arrangement of the existing kampung, but still connected; and 3) new housing separate from the spatial arrangement of the existing kampung. The hypothesis are the closer spatial structure relation between the new housing and the local neighbourhoods the more integration they will have, and the demographic characteristics of both the dwellers of the new housing and the local neighbourhood influence the level of social integration. This research uses both of qualitative and quantitative method. And the data collection is gathered by observation, questionnaire, and direct interviewing. The finding of the research is the integration process of new housing communities into kampung communities passes through communication between communities in kampung and communities in new housing, both of formal and informal communication and others are involvement in communities organization and involvement in communities activities. The other factors that influence new housing communities to integrate with kampung communities are; the difference of the age and occupation, and the home ownership. The difference may influence the communication, the interaction and also the integration between kampung and new housing communities. Based on the conclusion above, I give some recommendations to the local government of Sleman Regency and institutional within housing development, that the local government should involve in developing of new housing not only physically but also socially in a communities development; and the local government should also restrict the number of new housing development in one area, so that the dwellers of new housing can be integrated with local neighbourhood. It is important to maintain togetherness and social integration in communities. And the last is the position of the new housing should be not separated from local neighbourhood. Because it help the housing form communities organization.

Kata Kunci : Perumahan,Penghuni,Integrasi Sosial, social integration, new housing, local neighbourhood (kampung), and communities.