The Effect of Social Capital to Rural Community's Productivity :: A Case study of Segoroyoso and Bawuran Village, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Province
ISFANDIARI, Soraya, Ir. Leksono Probo Subanu, MURP.,Ph.D
2005 | Tesis | Magister Perencanaan Kota dan DaerahPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membuktikan pengaruh dari social capital terhadap produktivitas masyarakat desa serta untuk mengetahui bagaimana social capital mempengaruhi produktivitas masyarakat desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deduktif dan teknik analisa kuanitatif. Analisa kuantitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua metoda skala dan analisis multivariate. Skala digunakan untuk menggabungkan tiga dimensi social capital. Multivariate analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan factor analisis dan dilanjutkan dengan analisa regresi terhadap data-data primer. Faktor analisis digunakan untuk mengurangi kompleksitas dari variable social capital. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan berdaarkan interpretasi terhadap pernyataan respondent. Hasil analisa kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa secara umum peternak sapi di desa yang mempunyai tingkat social capital lebih tinggi akan mempunyai tingkat produktivitas peternak yang lebih tinggi pula. Faktor dari social capital yang mempunyai hubungan signifikan terhadap produktivitas peternak adalah motivasi dan masalah keuangan (bagian dari hubungan antara peternak), kebersamaan dalam pemeliharaan ternak (bagian dari norma). Kinerja kelompok (variable penghubung) juga mempunyai hubungan signifikan terhadap produktivitas peternak. Faktor keberanian mengambil resiko (bagian dari kepercayaan) secara marginal berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas peternak. Analisa kualitatif menunjukkan factor-faktor lain yang berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas peternak desa Segoroyoso: kluster sebagai bentuk ekonomi dari social capital, hubungan dengan institusi (universitas dan bank) serta cara pemeliharaan ternak. Social capital berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas peternak melalui pemanfaatan hubungan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan peternak, bertukar informasi mengenai cara pemeliharaan dan standar harga ternak serta untuk pemeliharaan ternak dan akan berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas peternak.
Segoroyoso is the centre of cattle development in Yogyakarta Province and a cattle breeding has made this village alleviate their poor condition. The interesting question is that breeders living in the surrounding Segoroyoso village cannot develop their cattle productivity and still live in poor conditions. It looks at cattle breeding that seem to be local talent for certain communities. Bawuran village is an example of low community productivity because it is located closely and has similar characteristics of demographic and resources. Because of the close location, I presume that there is social factor within communities that influence the different productivity between these two villages. Social capital has multi dimensions: cognitive (trust and rules and norms) and structural (network and rules) and can be measured in two different ways, by measuring the membership of formal and informal groups the respondent joining and by measuring informal interdependence based on people’s involvement in collective action activities. The research aims to answer the initial question of the effect of social capital to a rural community’s productivity as well as to explain how social capital affects the rural community’s productivity. It is based on a deductive reasoning and quantitativequalitative analysis methods. Quantitative data analysis was conducted by using two methods: scale of social capital and multivariate analysis. Scale is used to combine dimensions of social capital and multivariate analysis is done by using, factor analysis and continued by linear regression statistical analysis of primary data. Factor analysis was used to reduce the complexity of social capital variables. Qualitative analysis was done by using interpretations of the respondent’s statement. Quantitative result showed that in general, breeders in Segoroyoso have a higher level of social capital and they also have a higher level of cattle productivity. The result also showed that motivation and financial matters (part of internal network), agreement of treatment (part of norms) and group performance (intervening variable) have a significant relationship to cattle productivity. Variable risk taking (part of trust) is marginally influencing cattle productivity. Statistical analysis also showed that external network and rules (of cattle treatment) have no relationship to cattle productivity. Qualitative analysis explores the hidden data in quantitative analysis and also strengthens the result of quantitative analysis. This result found evidence of influences to cattle productivity such as: cluster as an economic form of social capital, relationship to external institutions (external network) and cattle treatment. Cluster has occurred in networks among breeders-fatteners-slaughters-meat industries within breeders in Segoroyoso village. This can enhance productivity of each actor in each chain of the network. Relationship to the university, bank and financial services providers is an external network that contributes to cattle productivity. Information and knowledge as a benefit of the relationships effect the cattle treatments among breeders. Social capital effects cattle productivity through making use of the network of social capital to solve the cattle problems, share information of best treatment and standard price, and gaining financial support. The benefit will improve the cattle treatment and this will enhance cattle productivity.
Kata Kunci : Pengembangan Ekonomi, Modal Sosial, Produktivitas Masyarakat, social capital, community, productivity
