Janger Kedaton-Sumerta Bali :: Kesinambungan dan Perubahannya

SUKRAKA, I Gde, Prof.Dr. R.M. Sudarsono

2005 | Tesis | S2 Pengkajian Seni Pertunjukan dan Seni Rupa

Tari Janger merupakan tari pergaulan muda-mudi yang hidup dan berkembang di daerah Kedaton-Sumerta. Sebagai tari tradisi kerakyatan, tari Janger Kedaton mampu menjadi salah satu kebanggaan budaya masyarakat daerah Kedaton. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan asal usul, fungsi, bentuk penyajian, serta perubahan yang terjadi pada tari Janger. Untuk mengungkapkan berbagai aspek tersebut, digunakan pendekatan dari berbagai disiplin ilmu, seperti pendekatan etnokoreologi, sejarah, antropologi dan sosiologi. Tari Janger Kedaton diperkirakan muncul sekitar tahun 1906 dengan penari laki-laki seluruhnya, perkembangan kemudian dimainkan oleh kelompok pria disebut Kecak, kelompok wanita disebut Janger. Dahulu menggunakan seorang peran berfungsi sebagai pembawa acara disebut Dag. Tari ini berfungsi sebagai hiburan, sarana upacara, presentasi estetis, penyampaian pesan, peningkatan ekonomi, sarana integrasi. Perubahan yang terjadi pada tari Janger disebabkan karena pengaruh pariwisata, dari hiburan masyarakat menjadi hiburan wisata. Perubahan lainnya yaitu kesenian Janger ini yang pada awalnya berada di rumahnya I Gusti Ketut Raweg dipindahkan ke Pura Luhuran Bingin yang diemong oleh Banjar Kedaton, selanjutnya Janger Kedaton menjadi sarana upacara pada pura tersebut. Hal ini terjadi karena adanya kesepakatan dari keluarga pemangku selaku pengemong pura, dari keluarga I Gusti Ketut Raweg sebagai pendiri dan masyarakat banjar Kedaton selaku pendukungnya. Sebagai seni tradisi kerakyatan dengan nilai-nilai budaya lama, tari Janger masih relevan dalam kehidupan masyarakatnya, disebabkan karena tari tersebut memiliki sifat yang luwes sehingga mampu bertahan di zaman modern. Untuk mempertahankan dan melestarikan tari Janger ini, para seniman menyelenggarakan latihan secara kontinu,dan pemerintah melalui bidang-bidang yang terkait mengadakan pembinaan dengan mengikut sertakan tari Janger dalam perlombaan. Di samping itu mengenai pendanaannya didukung oleh seka Janger, Banjar Kedaton, dan yayasan Dana Bakti luhur milik masyarakat Kedaton.

Janger dance belongs to Balinese young people’s social dance found in found in Kedaton-Sumerta area. As a traditional folkdance, Janger Kedaton dance becomes one of the cultural art pride of the area. This research study aims at investigating the origin, the function, the form of presentation, and the changes that occur in this Janger genre. In order to reveal these various aspects this study applies a number of approaches, namely, ethnochoreological, historical, anthropological, and sociological approaches. The Janger Kedaton dance is estimated to have been existing since around 1906, which, in its early stage was originally performed by only male dancers. In its later development, it was then performed not only male but by female dancers as well. Its male dancers have been called Kecak, and the female ones have been called Janger. At that time this dance had a leading dance presenter called a Dag, similar to a mayorette as in drum band group, who performed as the leader of its presentation. This dance has a multi-functions such as an entertainment, a temple ritual accompaniment, an aesthetic presentation, a medium for message communication, revenue generate function (economic reason), and as an integration medium among the village community members. The changes that occur in this Janger Kedaton dance has been influenced by tourism; its entertainment function for the community has been developed into entertainment for tourism. Another change was the site/venue of its performance which was formerly performed at the house of I Gusti Ketut Raweg, and later it was moved to the area of Luhuran Bingin temple of Banjar Kedaton, as a result of agreement among the temple authority (pemangku family), the I Gusti Ketut Raweg as the founder of the dance group, and the community members of Banjar Kedaton as the supporting party. Ever-since it has become a ritual accompaniment of the temple at every temple festival (odalan). Although it belongs to a folk-tradition dance with old cultural values, it is still relevant to the life of community at present, since this dance has a flexible characteristics and it is adaptable to modern life. In order to keep and preserve this art genre, young Balinese artists of the Kedaton village always do continuous rehearsals and performances under the support of local government by giving guidance and opportunity to participate at every Janger dance competition. Financial support has also been provided by the Seka Janger, Banjar Kedaton institution, and Dana Bakti Luhur Foundation of Kedaton village.

Kata Kunci : Tari Janger,Janger Kedaton,Perubahan