Kota (dan) agama :: Dinamika keagamaan dan penggunaan ruang di Kota Manado, 1919-1972

ILHAM, Prof.Dr. Djoko Suryo

2006 | Tesis | S2 Sejarah

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyelidiki perkembangan kota dengan mengamati dinamika keagamaan yang berlangsung di dalamnya, serta kaitannya dengan perkembangan sosial dan penggunaan ruang, khususnya antara tahun 1919 – 1972. Penelitian ini sangat strategis artinya jika dihubungkan dengan kondisi kekinian kota Manado. Dimana aspek keagamaan sangat dominan dalam realitas kota, baik dari sudut aktifitas keagamaan, simbol-simbol agama, penggunaan ruang, maupun hubungan antar agama. Kajian ini, mulai dari pelacakan sumber hingga tahap penulisan akhir, sepenuhnya menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah. Sumber utama penelitian ini adalah berbagai surat kabar dan majalah, khususnya terbitan Manado, di samping sumber arsip dan wawancara. Kesemuanya di peroleh di Yogyakarta, Jakarta, Makassar, dan Manado. Beberapa temuan pokok penelitian ini, adalah; Pertama, kota Manado sepenuhnya mengalami proses “pengkotaan” dengan kehadiran bangsa Barat. Sejak era kolonial hingga pascakolonial, pembangunan infrastrur kota berlangsung, tapi “pengaturan” terhadap ruang keagamaan tidak terlihat. Disinilah peran institusi agama dalam pertumbuhan ruang-ruang agama. Kedua, dinamika keagamaan menjadi bagian penting atas perkembangan masyarakat dan kota Manado. Jika pada periode kolonial, Kristenisasi berlangsung dan pengaruhnya yang paling penting adalah kemajuan sosial yang dialami oleh orang-orang Minahasa. Pada pascakolonial, dinamika keagamaan “terfisualisasi” secara kuat dalam penggunaan ruang-ruang kota. Prosesi agama dan rumah ibadah memakai ruang secara mencolok. Simbol-simbol agama dan kuatnya identitas agama pada akhirnya menjelma sebagai identitas kota Manado hingga hari ini.

This research is aimed to find out the development of the city by observing the dynamic of the religious which happened in it and also its relation to the social development and space usage of the city, especially in the period of 1919-1972. This research has a strategic meaning concerning with the present condition of the city of Manado, in which the religious aspect is dominant in the reality of the city. It can be seen from its religious activities, religious symbols, space usage, and relationship among the religions. This research used the historical research method, starting from data collection until final phase. The main sources of this research are various kinds of newspapers, magazines, especially those published in Manado, archives and also interview. Those data were obtained in Yogyakarta, Jakarta, Makassar and Manado. There are some important founds from this research: first is the city of Manado had experienced the “becoming a city” process by the presence of western people. Since the colonial up to the post-colonial era, there was an improvement of infrastructure of the city. However there was not any “regulation” for the religious space. This was the place where the religious institutions took their roles in the growth of used for religious activities. The second one is that the dynamic of religious had become an important part in the development of the people and city of Manado. In the colonial era when Christianization happened, the largest influence was the social improvement of Minahasa people, and then in the post-colonial era the dynamic of religion had been “visualized” strongly in the space usage of the city. The religious activities and buildings took their part very distinctly. The religious symbols and strong religious identity have ultimately become the identity of the city of Manado until the present time.

Kata Kunci : Agama, Perkembangan Sosial, Pemanfaatan Ruang Kota, Dynamic - City - Religion - Space Usage.