Thaksin's policies and conflict escalation in the Three Southernmost Provinces of Thailand :: Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat

TINNABAL, MS. Pacharapun, Dr. Nanang Pamuji Mugasejati

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ketahanan Nasional (Mag. Perdamaian dan Resolus

Riset ini menyoroti terjadinya eskalasi konflik dan meledaknya kekerasan akhirakhir ini di tiga provinsi paling selatan di Thailand, yaitu Pattani, Yala, dan Narathiwat sehubungan dengan kebijakan-kebijkan Perdana Menteri Thaksin Shinawatra di tiga provinsi tersebut. Akar konflik dan kekerasan berkisar pada luka sejarah dan pola pengabaian. Namun, kebijakan asimilasi dan integrasi dipaksakan telah diterapkan oleh pemerintah Bangkok selama satu abad. Meskipun konflik telah dikontrol sampai dekade yang lalu, konflik muncul lagi selama masa adminitrasi Perdana Menteri Thaksin Shinawatra. Setelah bangkitnya Partai Thai Rak Tha (TRT) pada tahun 2000, Perdana Menteri Thaksin Shinawatra memperluas kontrol dan pengaruhnya atas provinsi sebelah selatan yang sudah sejak lama didominasi partai oposisi; Partai Democrat. Dia kemudian mengimplementasikan beberapa kebijakan untuk mencapai tujunannya mulai dari penutupan Southern Border Provinces Administration Center (SBPAC) dan Civil Police Military Task Force 43 (CPM-43), perombakan posisi keamanan yang penting, dan perang melawan narkoba yang dia kira dapat menghancurkan pengaruh Partai Democrat di Selatan, telah memberikan kontribusi terhadap bangkitnya pemberontakan yang sudah lama dikontrol. Tulisan ini akan memfokuskan pada kebijakan politik, ekonomik dan sosial dan pengaruhnya di provinsi-provinsi yang didominasi Muslim.

The research highlights the conflict escalation and the current outburst of violence in the three southernmost provinces of Thailand namely Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat due to Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra’s policies in the three southern provinces. The roots of the violence and conflict though lies in the historical grievances and a pattern of neglect, discrimination and efforts at forced assimilation and integration policies on the part of Bangkok government going backed almost a century. The conflict has been kept under control for the last decade and erupted again during the Thaksin’s administration. After the rise of Thai Rak Thai (TRT) party in 2000, Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra spread his control and influence over the southern politics which for a long time was dominated by the opposition party; the Democrat. He then implemented several policies to pursue his goal ranging from the dismantling of the Southern Border Provinces Administration Centre (SBPAC) and the Civil Police Military Task Force 43 (CPM-43), the rearranging of the important security position, and the war on drugs which he thought could destroy the Democrat’s influence in the south. The policies back fired and gave rise of the long tamed insurgency activities. The paper will be focusing on Thaksin’s politics, economics and social policies and the affect of these policies in the pre-dominate Muslim provinces.

Kata Kunci : Konflik,Kebijakan Asimilasi dan Integrasi,Thailand Selatan, conflict escalation, violence, assimilation and integration policies, and Thaksin’s administration