Hubungan kualitas susu mentah dengan variabel ternak dan peternak di Kabupaten Magelang

WIDIARSO, Budi Purwo, Dr.drh. Doddi Yudhabuntara

2006 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh pemenuhan standar kualitas susu mentah di tingkat peternak kabupaten Magelang sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) tahun 1992 dan ada tidaknya hubungan dengan variabel ternak dan peternak. Sampel diambil secara acak pada peternak sejumlah 42 sampel yang diperoleh berdasarkan rumus n = 4 PQ/L2 . Data 42 sampel peternak dikumpulkan dengan pengisian kuesioner dan pengujian kualitas susu meliputi organoleptik, kebersihan, derajat asam, berat jenis, uji alkohol, uji storch, kadar lemak, berat kering tanpa lemak (BKTL), kadar protein, dan jumlah kuman. Variabel ternak dan peternak yang diduga berhubungan dengan kualitas susu diambil menggunakan kuesioner meliputi tingkat pendidikan, lokasi farm, jumlah kepemilikan, lama memelihara, jumlah keluarga, seberapa kali mendapatkan penyuluhan, tipe kandang, produksi susu, frekuensi membersihkan kandang, pemberian desinfektan sebelum dan sesudah pemerahan, dan frekuensi pemerahan. Hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan t-test, dan untuk data tiga kategori menggunakan analisis varians, serta untuk mengetahui faktor- faktor yang mempunyai hubungan dengan kualitas susu digunakan pengujian chi square. Hasil pengujian tersebut didapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pendidikan dengan derajat asam, berat jenis,BKTL dan kadar protein (P<0,01) serta jumlah kuman (P<0,05). Jumlah kepemilikan ternak mempunyai hubungan bermakna terhadap derajat asam, berat jenis, kadar lemak, BKTL, kadar protein dan jumlah kuman (P<0,01). Frekuensi membersihkan kandang mempunyai hubungan sangat bermakna dengan kebersihan, jumlah kuman dan kadar lemak(P<0,01) serta bermakna untuk berat jenis dan BKTL (P<0,05).pemberian desinfektan sesudah pemerahan mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan derajat asam, kadar lemak, berat jenis, BKTL, kadar protein (P<0,01) serta jumlah kuman (P<0,05). Frekuensi pemerahan mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan derajat asam, berat jenis, BKTL, kadar lemak (P<0,01) dan jumlah kuman (P<0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan, jumlah penyuluhan, lama memelihara sapi, pemberian desinfektan sesudah pemerahan dan frekuensi pemerahan mempunyai pengaruh yang bermakna dengan berat jenis, kebersihan, katalase, BKTL, jumlah kuman dan kadar protein. Semakin tinggi tingkat pendidikan maka kualitas susu akan meningkat. Jumlah penyuluhan diatas 3 kali mempunyai kualitas susu lebih baik daripada kurang dari 3 kali.Frekuensi pemerahan minimal 2 kali akan meningkatkan kualitas susu.

The research was conducted to know how long the raw milk quality according to the Indonesian National Standard 1992 and have relation and no relation with livestock and farmer variables. The sample was taken randomized to 42 farmer which counted by rumus n = 4 PQ/L2. 42 farmer data was colected with quesioner and milk quality examination was done in laboratory of Post Harvest STPP Magelang. From that examination was taken the mean as for view result .The milk quality examination such as organoleptic, cleaning, pH, BJ, alkohol, storch, fat, total solid non fat, protein, and aerobic bacteria count. Livestock and farmer variables were suspected related to milk quality wa taken to use quesioner such as education grade, farm location account of how long to farm, familiy account, animal possesive account, hopw many to get the extension, animal-house type, milk production, clean the animal –house frequency, usage desinfectan befor taken milk from mammae and taken milk from mammae frequency. The view result was analyzed with t-test, and for three category use analysis of variance, and to know factors that have relation with milk quality was used chi square analyze.The analyze result was showed there are relation among education grade with pH, BJ, total solid non fat (P<0,01), protein and aerobic bacteria account (P<0,05). The animal assets account have relation significantly with pH and aerobic bacteria account (P<0,05) and pH, BJ, total solid non fat , reductase, and protein (P<0,01). How many to get the extension have relation significantly with pH, BJ, fat , total solid non fat, protein and aerobic bacteria account (P<0,01). Cleaning the animal-house frequency have relation signifivantly with clean, fat, aerobic bacteria account (P<0,01) and BJ, total solid non fat (P<0,05). Usage desinfectan after taken milk from mammae have relation significantly with pH, fat, total solid non fat, BJ, and protein (P<0,01) and aerobic bacteria account (P<0,05). The conclusion from this research was taken milk from mammae frequency have relation significantly with pH, BJ, fat, total solid non fat (P<0,01) and aerobic bacteria account (P<0,05) education grade, how many to get the extension, how long to farm, usage desinfectan after taken milk from mammae and taken milk from mammae frequency have significantly with BJ, clean, catalyse, total solid non fat, aerobic bacteria account, and protein. The higher the grade of education, the milk quality will be increased. Account of extension up to 3 times showed milk quality was better than down to 3 times. Frequency of taken milk from mammae minimum 2 times a day will increase the milk quality.

Kata Kunci : Peternak Susu,Kualitas Susu Mentah, Raw milk quality,livestock, farmer, Magelang