Pemanfaatan serbuk gergajian kayu jati untuk kusen beton

HARIYANI, Susi, Dr.Ir. Iman Satyarno, ME.,M.Sc

2006 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Sipil (MTBB)

Perkembangan teknologi beton telah menemukan bahan penggganti kusen kayu, yaitu dengan membuat kusen dari beton. Namun bahan ini mempunyai kelemahan, proses pengangkutan dan pengangkatannya material ini masih tergolong berat. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan suatu penelitian untuk mengatasi kelemahan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan 6 variasi campuran, yaitu persentase serbuk gergajian kayu sebesar 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% dan 100% terhadap pasir dengan jumlah semen yang digunakan adalah 250 kg tiap m3 beton. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap benda uji berupa silinder beton ukuran 150x300 mm untuk mengetahui kuat tekan, berat beton dan modulus elastisitas beton. Benda uji silinder ukuran 75x180 mm untuk mengetahui serapan air. Sementara untuik mengetahui kuat lentur, benda uji yang digunakan adalah balok tanpa tulangan dengan ukuran 100x100x500 mm, dan balok berupa kusen beton de ngan tulangan berukuran 60x100x500 mm. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, berat beton, modulus elastisitas, serta kuat tekan beton menurun dengan bertambahnya persentase serbuk, tetapi serapan airnya meningkat. Nilai kuat tekan dan kuat lentur yang dihasilkan dibawah kuat tekan dan kuat lentur kayu. Nilai kuat tekan tertinggi dihasilkan oleh variasi serbuk 0%, yaitu sebesar 12,321 MPa dan nilai kuat lentur tertinggi dihasilkan oleh variasi serbuk 0% untuk benda uji kusen beton dengan tulangan, yaitu sebesar 6,253 MPa. Untuk aplikasi kusen beton pracetak dengan panjang bentang 900 mm, tinggi dinding tertinggi yang diizinkan berdasarkan kekuatan bahannya adalah setinggi 1219 mm yang dihasilkan oleh variasi 0% serbuk dan tinggi dinding terendah 117 mm untuk variasi 100% serbuk. Sementara berdasarkan lendutan, tinggi dinding tertinggi yang diizinkan adalah setinggi 1018 mm yang dihasilkan oleh variasi 0% serbuk dan terendah 109 mm untuk variasi 40% serbuk. Panjang bentang yang dapat diangkat terhadap berat sendiri kusen beton pracetak adalah sepanjang 4640 mm sampai 2496 mm yang dihasilkan oleh variasi 0% serbuk sampai dengan variasi 100% serbuk.

Technological growth of concrete have found the materials replacement of wood frame by producing door and window frame from concrete. However, this kind of material has weakness. In carrying and lifting process this material is slightly heavy, therefore, a research was needed to solve the problem. This research used 6 mixing variation of sand and saw dust.The variations were properties to make light weight concrete to 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% with cement content of 250 kg per m³ of concrete. The research was conducted to the samples of concrete cylinder in size of 150x300 mm in order to know the compression strength, the weight per unit volume, and the modulus of elasticity of concrete. The cylinder sample in size of 80x160 mm was used in order to know the water absorban ce. In order to know the bending strength , the sample used was beam without reinforced in size of 100x100x500mm and frame beam with reinforced in size of 60x100x500 mm. The result of the research showed that the weight per unit volume, modulus of elasticity, and compression strength of concrete decrease as the increase percentage of saw dust, but the water absorbance was raised. The value of compression strength and bending strength was under the value of compression strength and bending strength of wood. The highest value of compression strength was gained by the saw dust variation of 0% that equal to 12.321 MPa and the highest bending strength was gained by variation of 0% for the sample of frame with reinforced that equal to 6,253 MPa. For the applicatio n of pre-cast concrete with the length of spread 900 mm, the height of wall in the highest permissive height based on its material strength was equal to 1219 mm that was gained by saw dust variation of 0% and the height of he lowest wall was 117 mm for saw dust variation of 100%. Whereas based on the deflection, the height of wall in the highest permissive height was equal to 1018 mm that was gained by sawdust variation of 0% and the lowest was equal to 109 mm for sawdust variation 40%. The spread length that can be lifted towards the weight of door and window frame of pre-cast concrete that was as long as 4640 mm until 2496 mm, that produced by sawdust variation of 0% up to 100%.

Kata Kunci : Kusen Beton,Serbuk Kayu Jati,Serbuk gergajian, Kusen beton, Ringan, Murah, Kusen beton Pracetak