Pengaruh variasi dimensi bilah bambu, jenis perekat dan tekanan kempa terhadap keruntuhan lentur balok laminasi bambu petung

AGUSSALIM, Anita Mardiana, Ir. H. Morisco, Ph.D

2006 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Sipil

Ketersediaan kayu makin berkurang salah satu solusi adalah balok laminasi. Proses pembuatan balok laminasi memerlukan tekanan kempa, lebar bilah yang efesien, jenis perekat yang sesuai. Bambu yang digunakan adalah bambu petung dari Magelang dan Kulon Progo, berbentuk bilah yang disusun secara vertikal. Variasi yang dipakai adalah tekanan kempa 1,5 MPa dan 2,5 MPa. Variasi jenis perekat Urea Formaldehida dan Melamine Formaldehida. Variasi lebar bilah 2,5 cm dan 3 cm. Pembebanan dilakukan secara lateral statik dalam jangka pendek dan uji lentur empat titik. Parameter yang diuji yaitu sifat-sifat fisika dan mekanika bambu petung. Parameter yang diuji pada balok laminasi yaitu kuat lentur meliputi MOR, MOE dan tipe keruntuhan balok. Hasil uji statistik sifat fisika dan mekanika bambu dari Magelang dan Kulon Progo lokasi asal bambu tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap uji sifat fisika dan mekanika benda uji pendahuluan. Hasil uji kuat lentur balok laminasi dari Magelang dan Kulon Progo pengaruh lebar bilah terhadap MOR lebar bilah 2,5 cm cenderung lebih kuat dari lebar bilah 3 cm yaitu 22,416%, tetapi terhadap MOE lebar bilah 3 cm cenderung lebih kuat dari 2,5 cm yaitu 9,361%. Pengaruh tekanan kempa terhadap MOR bambu petung dari Magelang dan Kulon Progo tekanan kempa 1,5 MPa cenderung lebih kuat dari 2,5 MPa yaitu 15,680%, tetapi terhadap MOE tekanan kempa 2,5 MPa cenderung lebih kuat dari 1,5 yaitu 1,863%. Pengaruh jenis perekat terhadap MOR bambu petung dari Magelang dan Kulon Progo jenis perekat Urea Formaldehida cenderung lebih kuat dari Melamine Formaldehida yaitu 6,726%, tetapi terhadap MOE bambu dari Magelang dan Kulon progo cenderung lebih kuat jenis perekat Melamine Formaldehida dari perekat Urea Formaldehida yaitu 7,357%. Secara umum tipe keruntuhan balok uji adalah keruntuhan lentur.

The decreasing population of wood supply as construction materials has emerged new idea to develop laminated bamboo beam as alternative materials that can substitute wood. Compression, width of bamboo split in efficient and appropriate type of glue is required in laminating process. This research employed bamboo Petung from Magelang and Kulon Progo, which were arrange vertically. There were several variations: compression in two levels, the pressure were 1.5 MPa and 2.5 MPa, types of glue were urea formaldehyde and melamine formaldehyde, and width variations were 2.5 cm and 3 cm. Loading test was conducted laterally static load for short time and four points bending tests. The parameter observed physical and mechanical characteristic of bamboo Petung. The parameters observed for laminated beams were bending strength include MOR, MOE, and types of beam failure. Results of statistical test on the nature of bamboo’s physical and mechanical characteristic from Magelang and Kulon Progo did not give significant influences to physical and mechanical of bamboos. Result of bending failure test from Magelang and Kulon Progo showed that the MOR of 2.5 cm split tended to be stronger than 3 cm split, which accounted for 22.416%. However, the MOE of 3 cm split tended to be stronger than 2.5 cm split, which accounted for 9.361%. In terms of compression test, tendency two types of laminated bamboo with 1.5 MPa pressure were stronger than those 2.5 MPa, which accounted for 15.680%. However, MOE value resulted pressure of 2.5 MPa tended to be 1.863% stronger than those 1.5 MPa. The results of bending failure test to MOR with urea formaldehyde tended to be stronger than melamine formaldehyde, which accounted for 6.726%. In contrast, in terms of MOE value, melamine formaldehyde tended to be 7.357% stronger than with urea formaldehyde.

Kata Kunci : Balok Laminasi Bambu Petung,Keruntuhan Lentur,Jenis Perekat, Laminated bamboo beam, type of glue, Pressure, width of bamboo split