Lama pelayuan bahan dan pengaruhnya terhadap kadar air rendemen dan kadar Patchouli Alcohol daun Nilam

SUADI, Ir. Agus Prasetya, M.Eng.Sc.,Ph.D

2005 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Mesin (Mag. Sistem Teknik-Tek. Industri

Rendemen dan kualitas minyak atsiri tergantung dari keadaan daun dan keadaan proses penyulingan. Perlakuan terhadap daun nilam yang akan disuling adalah penting. Waktu pelayuan menjadi satu proses perlakuan yang penting. Kondisi proses seperti tempratur, tekanan, aliran uap harus dikontrol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengatasi pengaruh keadaan air, yang didapatkan dari perlakuan pelayuan terhadap rendemen dan patchouli alcohol. Pelayuan adalah jenis pengeringan yang dilakukan pada tempratur rendah dan keadaan air. Fermentasi dapat terjadi selama proses pelayuan. Kondisi ruangan harus dikontrol untuk mencegah penjamuran dan pengendapan uap. Daun yang dilayukan dibolak-balik 2 – 3 kali sehari. Waktu pelayuan adalah, 8. 9, 10, 11, 15, dan 16 hari Dari hasil pelayuan kelihatan perbedaan yang nyata antara kadar air daun nilam, rendemen yang dihasilkan dengan kadar patchouli yang diperoleh. Semakin rendah kadar air pada daun nilam akan didapatkan rendemen yang tinggi, akan tetapi patcahouli alcohol yang dihasilkan justru semakin rendah dan sebaliknya dengan kadar air daun nilam yang tinggi, rendemen yang dihasilkan justru rendah, akan tetapi didapatkan kadar patchouli alcohol yang tinggi.

Yield and quality depend on patchouli leaf condition will be distilled and process distillation itself. Treatment of the leaf before distillation is important such cutting, withering or drying and fermentation. Control condition such temperature, pressure flow, steam diffusion etc, should be keep on standard operation. The objective from this research is searching the optimum moisture content of patchouli leaf by withering treatment further analysis of oil product to percentage and patchouli content. Withering is indirect drying leaf to reduce moisture content all at ones drying and fermentation happened during withering which held on control condition in withering chamber, to reduce leaf damaged from fungus and vapor accumulation, leaf should be up and down 2 – 3 times a day. Patchouli leaf withered in 6 (six) level are 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, and 16 days, each level then be measured moisture content later distilled by steam distillation, oil production be calculated percentage production and analyzed with patchouli alcohol content. Result shown that by withering occur changing green color became brownish or light red and aroma more fragrance. In withering 16 day reached moisture content 9,58 % be founded percentage oil is 5,8 %. If compared with withering 15 days reached moisture content is 14,76 % and oil percentage 4,75 % is means long or time withering related reducing moisture content significant but increasing percentage of oil production. Another analysis shown that long or time withering time reversed correlation with patchouli alcohol content, longer withering time decrease patchouli alcohol content. On Withering 8 day patchouli alcohol content reach 26,55 % then decrease up 16,00 % on 16 days. Conclusion from this research are more longer time withering decreasing moisture content and patchouli alcohol content but increasing percentage of oil production

Kata Kunci : Penyulingan Minyak Atsiri,Rendemen Daun Nilam,Pelayuan, patchouli leaf, withering, moisture content, percentage, patchouli alcohol content