Pengaruh Sizing Xylene dan Natriumsilika terhadap pelekatan Interfacial antara serat Ramie dan resin Epoxy

NUGRAHA, I Nyoman Pasek, Ir. Heru S.B. Rochardjo, M.Eng.,Ph.D

2006 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Mesin

Disebabkan kurangnya pelekatan interfacial antara serat tanpa perlakuan dan matrik polimer, serat alam tumbuhan, yaitu: ramie harus mendapat perlakuan sebelum dapat diaplikasikan sebagai media penguat pada bahan komposit polimer Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pengaruh sizing xylene dan natriumsilika terhadap pelekatan interfacial antara serat ramie dan resin epoxy. Langkah awal pada perlakuan permukaan serat adalah perlakuan alkali dengan variasi 0-20% NaOH pada temperatur 100oC selama 1 jam guna menentukan konsentrasi perlakuan alkali sebelum tiap tipe perlakuan permukaan serat terlengkapi. Proses berikutnya adalah sizing dari xylene dan natriumsilika dengan variasi 1-5 jam waktu pencelupan. Spesimen pull-out dan serat dikarakterisasi menggunakan alat uji tarik. Spesimen permukaan pull-out dan perpatahan serat diamati menggunakan mikroskop optik. Topografi permukaan serat juga diamati menggunakan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Alat uji servo pulser digunakan untuk spesimen uji tarik matrik. Untuk tambahan, struktur kimia matrik epoxy dikarakterisasi menggunakan fourier transformation infrared (FTIR). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan tarik serat dari sizing xylene dan 5% natriumsilika yang masing-masing dengan 5 dan 2 jam waktu pencelupan mengalami meningkat (7-8%) dibandingkan hanya pada perlakuan awal 5% NaOH. Kekuatan geser interfacial antara serat ramie dan resin epoxy dari serat-serat dengan perlakuan juga meningkat (22-35%) dibandingkan serat tanpa perlakuan.

Due to lack of interfacial adhesion between untreated fiber and polymer matrix, natural plant fiber i.e., ramie has to treated before it can be applied as reinforcement in polymer composite materials. This research is intended to investigate the effect of xylene and natriumsilica sizing on its interfacial adhesion between ramie fiber and epoxy resin. The first step in fiber surface treatment is alkali treatment with variation 0- 20% NaOH at temperature 100oC for 1 hour in oder to determine the appropriate concentration of alkali treatment before each type of fiber surface treatment was completed. The next process is sizing of xylene and natriumsilica with variation 1- 5 hour of immersion time. The pull-out and fiber specimens were characterized using tensile testing machine. The pull-out and fiber fracture surface specimens were observed using optical microscope. The fiber surface topography was also observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The servo pulser testing machine was used for matrix tensile test. In addition, the chemical structure of epoxy matrix was characterized using fourier transformation infrared (FTIR). The experimental results show that the fiber tensile strength of xylene and 5% natriumsilica sizing with 5 and 2 hours of immersion time was increase (7- 8%) compared to that of 5% NaOH pre-treatment only. The interfacial shear strength between the treated ramie fibers and epoxy resin was also increase (22- 35%) compared to that of untreated fiber.

Kata Kunci : Serat Ramie dan Resin Epoxy,Sizing Xylene,Pelekatan Interfacial, ramie fiber, sizing, epoxy resin, interfacial adhesion.