Kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman palawija dan produktivitasnya di Kecamatan Wuryantoro Kabupaten Wonogiri

SULISTYANTO, Iwan Gatot, Drs. Widiyanto, MS

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesesuaian lahan pada kategori subklas, untuk tanaman jagung, kacang tanah dan kedelai, mengetahui produktivitas tanaman, mengkaji kelayakan usahatani dan memberikan arahan jenis tanaman yang sesuai untuk dikembangkan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode suevei untuk memperoleh data sifat-sifat tanah (tekstur tanah, KTK tanah, KB tanah, pH tanah, salinitas tanah dan Corganik dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Adapun keadaan medan di setiap satuan lahan (lereng, erosi, drainase, kedalaman efektif tanah, batu di permukaan, dan singkapan batuan) stratified random sampling. Produktivitas tanaman dan kelayakan usahatani dilakukan dengan wawancara secara purposive random sampling. Penentuan tingkat kelas kesesuaian lahan dan cara evaluasi dilakukan dengan metode pencocokan (matching) berdasarkan Kriteria Kelas Kesesuaian Lahan dari Pusat Penelitian Tanah dan Agroklimat (1997). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di daerah penelitian ditemukan: (1) Kelas kesesuaian lahan tanaman Jagung, kelas S₃ seluas 2855,22 Ha (44,5%), kelas N₁ seluas 623,39 Ha (9,7%) dan kelas N₂ seluas 605, 485 Ha (9,5%). (2) Kelas kesesuaian lahan tanaman Kacang Tanah, kelas S₃ seluas 2855,22 Ha (44,5%), kelas N₁ seluas 623,39 Ha (9,7%) dan kelas N₂ seluas 605,485 Ha (9,5%). (3) Kelas kesesuaian lahan tanaman Kedelai, kelas S3 seluas 2855,22 Ha (44,5%), kelas N₁ seluas 623,39 (9,7%) dan kelas N₂ seluas 605,485 Ha (9,5%). Analisis kelayakan yang mendasarkan pada satuan kesesuaian lahan menunjukkan nilai ROI dan RCR tanaman jagung, kacang tanah dan kedelai layak dibudidayakan pada kelas kesesuaian S3 dan tidak layak pada kelas kesesuaian N. Hasil analisis sensitivitas tanaman jagung, kacang tanah dan kedelai layak dibudidayakan pada kelas kesesuaian S₃ dan pada kelas N hanya kedelai yang masih layak dibudidayakan. Dari kondisi fisik dan ekonomi wilayah penelitian, tanaman kedelai paling tepat untuk dibudidayakan.

The research aims to study the level of land appropriateness to subclass category for maize, peanut and soybean crops; to study crop productivity; to study the feasibility of cultivation business; and to provide directives for crops appropriate for cultivation. The research applies survey method in collecting data on soil characteristics (soil texture, soil KTK, soil KB, soil pH, soil salinity, and C-organic) based on purposive sampling technique. For landscape (slope, erosion, drainage, soil effective depth, surface rocks, and rock exposure) it applies stratified random sampling, while for Crop productivity and feasibility of cultivation business it employs interview based on purposive random sampling. Determination for the level of land class appropriateness and its evaluation uses matching method based on the Criteria for Land Class Appropriateness from the Centre for Soil and Agroclimate Research (1997). The research results show the following identifications: (1) 3 classes of land appropriateness for maize, namely S₃, N₁ and N₂ with subclasses S_3-f, S_3-rn, S_3-rnm, S_3-rnme, S_{3- rfn}, S_3-rfnme which cover 2,855.22 ha (44.5%), subclasses N_1-m, N_1-me, N_1-nme which cover 623.39 ha (9.7%), and subclass N_2-rm which covers 605.489 Ha (9.5%). (2) 3 classes of land appropriateness for peanut, namely: S₃, N₁ and N₂ with subclasses S_3-r, S_3-f, S_3-rn, S_3-rm, S_3-rme, S_3-rfn, S_3-rfnme which cover 2,855. 22 ha (44.5%), subclasses N_1-m, N_1-me which cover 623.39 ha (9.7%), and subclass N_2-rm which covers 605.485 ha (9.5%), (3) classes of land appropriateness for soybean, namely subclasses S_3-r, S_3-f, S_3-rn, S_3-rm, S_3-rf, S_3-rnme, S_3-rfnme which cover 2,855.22 ha (44.5%), subclasses N_1-m, N_1-nme, which cover 623.39 (9.7%), and subclass N_2-rm which covers 605.485 ha (9.5%). Feasibility analysis based on the unit of land appropriateness shows RO1 and RCR values for maize, peanut, soybean crops that are feasible for cultivation on class S3 but not feasible on class N. Sensitivity analysis reveals that maize, peanut, and soybean crops are feasible for cultivation on class S3, while only soybean is feasible for cultivation on class N. Based on the physical and economic condition, soybean crop is the most appropriate for cultivation in the research location.

Kata Kunci : Lingkungan Hidup,Usaha Pertanian,Kesesuaian Lahan Palawija, land appropriateness, palawija (second crops after rice), productivity, cultivation business