Analisis genetik dan fenotip sifat produksi dan reproduksi ayam merawang

AIPIPIDELY, Ronald Leopold, Dr.Ir. Jafendi H.P. Sidadolog

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Ayam Merawang merupakan ayam lokal asli daerah Merawang pulau Bangka Belitung, Sumatera Selatan memiliki ciri khusus dalam keseragaman warna bulu, yaitu coklat kemerahan atau keemasan baik pada jantan maupun betina. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari potensi genetik dan fenotip sifat produksi dan reproduksi pada keturunan ayam Merawang. Penelitian ini menggunakan 45 ekor jantan dan 31 ekor betina ayam Merawang umur 21-26 minggu merupakan keturunan tetua jantan dan betina yang teridentifikasi baik. Variabel betina yang diamati meliputi berat badan dewasa kelamin, umur dewasa kelamin, Produksi telur, intensitas produksi, fertilitas telur, daya tetas telur, berat telur, berat DOC, volume telur, indeks telur dan istirahat peneluran. Sedangkan variabel jantan meliputi berat badan dewasa kelamin, umur dewasa kelamin, volume sperma, pH sperma, konsentrasi spermatozoa, motilitas spermatozoa, abnormalitas spermatozoa dan spermatozoa hidup. Penampungan sperma dilakukan satu kali dalam seminggu dengan metode Burrows dan Quinn. Data dianalisis dengan analisis CRD dan nested design (struktur hirarkhis) untuk mendapatkan komponen variansi dan kovariansi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan analisis sifat fenotip diantara keturunan berdasarkan perbedaan tetua terdapat perbedaan nyata (P≤0,05). Nilai variabilitas keturunan betina yaitu umur dewasa kelamin, berat badan dewasa kelamin, berat telur, volume telur, indekks telur, berat DOC, intensitas produksi, produksi telur, fertilitas telur, daya tetas telur dan istirahat peneluran berturut-turut sebesar 8,07%, 10,55%, 5,33%, 5,74%, 1,34%, 5,51%, 32,57%, 24,82%, 38,87%, 19,98% dan 9,03%. Nilai variabilitas keturunan jantan yaitu umur dewasa kelamin, berat badan dewasa kelamin, volume sperma, pH sperma, motilitas spermatozoa, konsentrasi spermatozoa, spermatozoa hidup dan abnormalitas spermatozoa berturut-turut sebesar 4,96%, 14,21%, 42,50%, 3,03%, 7,12%, 45,16%, 1,88% dan 33,74%. Nilai heritabilitas keturunan betina yaitu umur dewasa kelamin, berat badan, volume telur, berat telur, berat DOC, indeks telur, intensitas produksi, produksi telur, fertilitas telur, daya tetas telur dan istirahat peneluran berturut-turut sebesar 0,311, 1,257, 0,898, 0,748, 0,358, 0,104, 0,826, 0,927, 0,677, 0,314 dan 0,925. Sedangkan nilai heritabilitas keturunan jantan yaitu umur dewasa kelamin, berat badan, volume sperma, pH sperma, motilitas spermatozoa, konsentrasi spermatozoa, abnormalitas spermatozoa dan spermatozoa hidup berturut-turut sebesar 0,607, 0,393, 0,200, 0,464, 0,203, 0,011, 0,417 dan 0,049. Korelasi genetik (rg) dan fenotip (rp) tertinggi pada keturunan betina terdapat pada sifat produksi telur terhadap intensitas produksi (rg=0,99) dan (rp=0,99). Sedangkan pada keturunan jantan di peroleh dari abnormalitas spermatozoa terhadap dewasa kelamin (rg=0,93) dan motilitas spermatozoa terhadap volume sperma (rp=0,60).

Merawang chicken was a local chicken from Merawang District at Bangka Belitung Island, South Sumatera, with a special characteristic in uniform of feather colour by squeezing chocolate or golden in males and also females. The study was conducted to investigate the genetic and phenotype traits of production and reproduction of Merawang chicken. Fourty five of males and thirty of females at age 21-26 weeks of age from identificated parents were used in this experiment. The observed female variables were egg production, intensity of production, fertility, hatchability, egg weight, DOC weight, egg volume and pause of laying variabels. The cockerel variables were body weight, sexual maturity volume of semen, acidity, concentration, motility, abnormality and spermatozoa live. Semen were collected once a week by Burrows and Quinn methods. The data were analyzed by variance analyses of CRD and nested design to find out variance and covariance components. The results showed that the phenotype the offsprings based on parents were difference (P.0.05). The females variabilities of sexual maturity, body weight, egg volume, egg weight, DOC weight, egg index, intensity of production, egg production, fertility, hatchability and pause of laying were 8.07%, 10.55%, 5.33%, 5,74%, 1,34%, 5,51%, 32,57%, 24.82%, 38.87%, 19.98% and 9,03%, respectively. The males variabilities of sexual maturity, body weight, volume of semen, acidity, motility, concentration, abnormality of spermatozoa and spermatozoa live were 4.96%, 14.21%, 42.50%, 3,03%, 7.12%, 45.16%, 33,74% and 1,88, respectively. The females heritabilities of sexual maturity, body weight, egg volume, egg weight, DOC weight, egg index, intensity of production, egg production, fertility, hatchability and pause of laying were 0.311, 1.257, 0.898, 0.748, 0.358, 0.104, 0.826, 0.927, 0.677, 0.314 and 0.925, respectively. The males heritabilities of sexual maturity, body weight, volume of semen, acidity, motility, concentration, abnormality of spermatozoa and spermatozoa live were 0.607, 0.393, 0.200, 0.464, 0.203, 0.011, 0.417 and 0.049, respectively. The genetic and phenotype correlation was higher of females at egg production to intensity of production (rg=0.99 and rp=0.99), while it is was higher of males at abnormality of spermatozoa to sexual maturity (rg=0.93) and motility to volume of semen (rp=0,60), respectively.

Kata Kunci : Ayam Merawang,Genetik,Reproduksi, Genetic, Phenotype, Heritability, Production, Reproduction, Merawang Chicken