Tingkat pertumbuhan Puskesmas di Kota dan Desa :: Analisis reginal Sakerti 2000
HAREFA, Martin Luther, dr. Mubasysyir Hasanbasri, MA
2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Kebijakan dan Manaj.Latar Belakang: Informasi tentang pertumbuhan puskesmas masih sangat terbatas. Puskesmas sebagai ujung tombak pelayanan bagi masyarakat belum tumbuh secara maksimal dan merata, baik antar daerah (kota dan desa) maupun antar wilayah atau regional. Dalam menghadapi otonomi dan globalisasi dewasa ini, puskesmas perlu mengetahui keberadaannya saat ini agar mampu menjawab tantangan perubahan tersebut, sehingga mampu merencanakan perubahan yang akan dilaksanakan untuk mengatasi berbagai krisis yang sedang dan akan dihadapi. Tujuan Penelitian: Secara umum untuk mengetahui tingkat pertumbuhan puskesmas di wilayah kota dan desa serta regional, meliputi Sumatera, Jawa- Bali dan Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI). Secara khusus untuk mempelajari hubungan antara tingkat pertumbuhan puskesmas dengan status kesehatan dan umur organisasi puskesmas. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian observasional dengan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional survey. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode kuantitatif yang dilakukan di 13 Propinsi. Populasi penelitian adalah puskesmas se-Indonesia. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data SAKERTI 2000 dan Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 1998. Unit analisis adalah Puskesmas. Analisa data dengan uji statistik regresi linier dengan bantuan software SPSS 10.0. Hasil Penelitian: Tingkat pertumbuhan puskesmas pedesaan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan puskesmas perkotaan, dan secara regional tingkat pertumbuhan puskesmas di KTI lebih baik dibanding di Sumatera dan Jawa- Bali. Pertumbuhan dimensi sumber daya dipengaruhi secara bermakna dan sangat kuat oleh variabel status kesehatan (p=0,000 dan B=-0,043), umur (p=0,000 dan B=–1,091) dan lokasi kota-desa (p=0,000 dan B=0,035). Pertumbuhan dimensi kegiatan pelayanan dipengaruhi secara bermakna oleh variabel lokasi kota-desa (p=0,021 dan B=–0,841) dan regional (p=0,001 dan B=–0,864). Pertumbuhan dimensi penampilan fisik dipengaruhi secara bermakna oleh variabel status kesehatan (p=0,003 dan B=0,014) dan variabel regional (p=0,024 dan B=–0,207). Kesimpulan: Tingkat pertumbuhan puskesmas belum merata baik di kota dan desa maupun regional karena peran pemerintah belum maksimal dan puskesmas belum menunjukkan dinamika dalam manajemennya.
Background: Information about the development of Primary Health Care still very limited. Primary Health Care as service point for the community was not yet developed maximally and evenly spread out in intra regional (city and village) or intra area or regional. In facing recent autonomy and globalization, Primary Health Care need to know its recent existence in order to be able to respond to the changed challenge so that it would be able to plan the changes that will be implemented to solve various crisis that is facing and will be facing. Objective: General objective of this research was to find out the growth level of Primary Health Care in city and village as well as regional that consist of Sumatra, Java-Bali and east area of Indonesia (KTI). Specific objective was to find out the relationship between the growth level of Primary Health Care with health status and age of Primary Health Care organization. Method: This was an observational research that used cross sectional survey design. This research used quantitative method which is implemented in 13 provinces. The research population was all Primary Health Care in Indonesia. Data source being used was SAKERTI data 2000 and Indonesian Health Profile 1998. The analysis unit was Primary Health Care. Data analysis was implemented with linear statistic test that used software SPSS 10.0. Result: The growth level of Primary Health Care in the villages was better than Primary Health Care in cities, and regionally, the growth level of Primary Health Care in KTI was better than in Sumatra and Java – Bali. The growth of resource dimension was significantly and strongly influenced by health status variable (p=0,000 and B=-0,043), variables of age (p=0,000 and B=-1,091) and city-village location (p=0,000 and B=0,035). The dimension growth of service activity was significantly influenced by variables of city-village location (p=0,021 and B=-0,841) and regional (p=0,001 and B=-0,864). The dimension growth of physical performance was significantly influenced by variables of health status (p=0,003 and B=0,014) and regional (p=0,024 and B= - 0,207). Conclusion: The growth level of Primary Health Care was not evenly spread out in city and village or regional since government’s role was not yet maximum and Primary Health care did not showed dynamics in its management.
Kata Kunci : Kebijakan Kesehatan,Pertumbuhan Puskesmas
