Determinan perilaku konsumen pelayanan pengobatan Puskesmas di Kabupaten Nias Propinsi Sumatera Utara

HAREFA, Kurniawan, dr. Kristiani, SU

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Perilaku dan Promosi

Latar Belakang : Puskesmas merupakan ujung tombak pemerintah dalam pelaksanaan pelayanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat. Determinan perilaku konsumen dalam menentukan pilihan pelayanan pengobatan dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan yang berupa niali-nilai budaya, faktor perbedaan individual serta faktor proses psikologis. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan yang mempengaruhi perilaku konsumen dalam menentukan pilihan pelayanan pengobatan di puskesmas di Kabupaten Nias, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional, subjek penelitian adalah pengguna pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan Puskesmas Gunungsitoli dan Lotu. Jumlah responden sebanyak 268 yang terdiri dari 55 responden dari Puskesmas Gunungsitoli dan 213 responden dari Puskesmas Lotu. Alat pengumpul data berupa kuesioner, meliputi pertanyaan tentang pengaruh lingkungan, individu dan perbedaan psikologis. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi pearson dan regresi linier berganda serta korelasi parsial. Hasil. Perilaku pemanfaatkan puskesmas memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan pengaruh lingkungan, yaitu nilai budaya (r=0,174), sosial ekonomi (119), teman (r=0,124), keluarga (r=0,136), dan jarak (r=-0,123), faktor perbedaan individual, yaitu pengetahuan (r=0,164) dan sikap (r=0,502) serta faktor proses psikologis, yaitu persepsi tentang mutu pelayanan (r=0,303) dan tingkat kepuasan pasien (r=0,333). Faktor lingkungan, faktor perbedaan individual serta faktor proses psikologis secara bersamaan berhubungan dengan perilaku konsumen dalam memanfaatkan pelayanan Puskesmas (R2=0,334; p<0,05). Sikap merupakan faktor yang dominan mempengaruhi perilaku konsumen dalam memanfaatkan pelayanan pengobatan di puskesmas Kabupaten Nias (Beta=0,449; p<0,05). Kesimpulan. Perilaku pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan Puskesmas dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan, faktor individu dan faktor psikologi dan yang paling dominan adalah faktor individu, yaitu sikap.

Background: Primary Health Care is government’s concern in the implementation of public health service. The determinant of consumer’s behavior in determining choice for treatment service was influenced by environments factors such as cultural values, different factors and individual influence as well as factors of physcological process. Objective: This research was aimed to find out the determinants that could influence consumer’s behavior in determining choice of treatment service in the Primary Health Care of Nias district, province of North Sumatera. Method: This research used cross sectional design the subject of the research was the out patient Gunungsitoli and Lotu Primary Health Care. There were 268 respondents that consist of 55 respondents from Primary Health Care of Gunungsitoli and 213 respondents of Primary Health Care of Lotu. The instrument to collect data was questionnaire regarding environment factors individual and phsycological difference. Data analysis used Pearson correlation test and double regression linear and partial correlation. Result: Behavior in utilizing the Primary Health Care had significant relationship with the influence of environment, that was cultural values (r=0,174), family (r=0,136), friend (r=0,124), distance (r=-0,123), factor of individual’s difference and influence such as knowledge (r=0,164) and attitude (r=0,502) as well as factor of phsycological process, that was perception regarding service quality (r=0,303) and level of patient’s satisfaction (r=0,333). Factor of environment, factor of individual difference and influence as well as factor of phsycological process had significant relationship with behavior of consumer in utilizing the Primary Health Care service (R2 =0,334; p<0,05). Attitude was the most dominant factor that could influence consumer’s behavior in utilizing treatment service in the Primary Health Care of Nias district (Beta=0,449; p<0,05). Conclusion: Behavior in utilizing service in Primary Health Care was influenced by environment, individual and phsycological factors and the most dominant factor was individual factor that is attitude.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku Sehat,Layanan Pengobatan,TB Paru