Hubungan jarak kelahiran dengan status gizi balita di Kabupaten Purworejo Provinsi Jawa Tengah

MAIDAR, Prof.dr. Mohammad Hakimi, Sp.OG(K).,Ph.D

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Kes. Ibu dan Anak-Ke

Latar Belakang: Kekurangan gizi dialami sepertiga balita di negara sedang berkembang, mengakibatkan berkurangnya kemampuan produktifitas. Millennium Development Goals mengurangi 50 persen prevalensi underweight pada balita antara tahun 1990 sampai 2015. Trend underweight di Indonesia menunjukkan penurunan yang lambat. Saat ini lebih dari 5 juta balita menderita kurang gizi. Persentase underweight di Kabupaten Purworejo adalah 25,60 persen. Pengaturan jarak kelahiran optimal merupakan upaya untuk mengurangi risiko underweight pada balita Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui hubungan jarak kelahiran dengan status gizi balita di Kabupaten Purworejo. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian cross sectional menganalisis data CHN-RL siklus 17 dengan uji chi-square, stratifikasi chi-square Mantel-Haenszel dan regresi logistik. Sampel adalah 1036 balita yang mempunyai data antropometri. Hasil: Analisis bivariabel maupun multivariabel dengan 6 model regresi logistik, terlihat ada hubungan yang bermakna antara jarak kelahiran dengan status gizi balita. Jarak kelahiran optimal adalah 36 sampai 59 bulan, risiko underweight 1,19 kali (CI 95% 0,27– 5,45). Jarak kelahiran kurang optimal adalah kurang 36 bulan atau lebih 59 bulan, risiko underweight 2,15 (CI 95% 1,04-4,43), risiko wasted 3,06 (CI 95% 1,43– 6,52). Jarak kelahiran bukan faktor risiko terhadap stunted (OR 0,99, CI 95% 0,43–2,25). Tingkat pendidikan ibu berhubungan signifikan dengan status nutrisi balita. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara jarak kelahiran dengan status gizi balita. Balita dengan jarak kelahiran kurang optimal cenderung mengalami underweight dan wasted. Jarak kelahiran optimal di Kabupaten Purworejo adalah 36 sampai 59 bulan

Background: Malnutrition in developing countries, its current scale onethird of all children, caused the loss of productivity. The Millennium Development Goals endeavored to decrease 50% of underweight children under five years from 1990 to 2015. Underweight trend in Indonesia decreased slowly. More than 5 million children under five years were suffering from underweight. The percentage of underweight children at Purworejo District was 25.60%. Optimal birth spacing could lessen the risk of underweight. Objective: To explore the relationship between birth spacing and children’s nutritional status in Purworejo District. Method: The study design was cross- sectional. Surveillance cycle-17 of CHNRL was analyzed quantitatively using Chi-square, stratification of Chisquare Mantel-Haenszel and logistic regression. The study samples were 1036 children under five years old who possessed anthropometric data. Result: Bivariable and multivariable with 6-logistic regression models showed a significant relationship between birth spacing and children’s nutritional status. Optimal birth spacing was 36-59 months with the risk of 1.19 times underweight (CI 95% 0.27–5.45). Birth spacing less than 36 month or more than 59 months had the risk of 2.15 times underweight (CI 95% 1.04- 4.43) and risk of 3.06 times wasted (CI 95% 1.43–6.52). Birth spacing was not a stunted risk (OR 0.99, CI 95% 0.43–2.25). Mother’s educational level significantly influenced children’s nutrition. Conclusion: Birth spacing correlated with the nutritional status of children under five years old. Less optimal birth spacing tended to cause underweight or wasted. The optimal birth spacing in Purworejo District was 36 to 59 months.

Kata Kunci : Kesehatan Anak,Gizi Balita,Jarak Kelahiran, Birth spacing, nutritional status, children under five years old