Studi spasial kerawanan wilayah terhadap kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) dan status kerentanan nyamuk Aedes aegypti Linn terhadap Remefos di Kota Padang tahun 2005

ONASIS, Aidil, Prof.dr. Sugeng Juwono Mardihusodo, DAP and E.,MSc

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis (Entomologi Kesehatan)

Temefos digunakan sejak tahun 1976 di Padang, penentuan status kerentanan terhadap temefos belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan status kerentanan nyamuk Ae. aegypti terhadap temefos dan perbedaan status kerentanan di kelurahan di kota Padang, serta kerawanan wilayah terhadap kejadian DBD. Penelitian bersifat observasional kepadatan larva berbasis Breteau Index (BI) dan quasi experimental terhadap larva uji instar III dan IV hasil koleksi dengan ovitrap secara biokemis. Deteksi kerentanan aktifitas esterase (a-NA dan b-NA) yaitu perubahan warna subjek uji pada mikroplat dan kertas saring dengan interpretasi mulai dari tidak berwarna menuju biru tua, sesuai tingkatan resistensi dari rentan (SS), toleran (RS) menuju ke resisten (RR). Hasil penelitian dengan substrat a-NA rentan = 30,33 %, toleran = 49,00 % dan resisten = 20,67 %, dengan AV rentan < 0,700 = 77,67 %, AV toleran 0,700 – 0,900 =18,66 % AV resisten >0,900 = 3,67 %. Dengan substrat b-NA rentan = 28,33 %, toleran = 46,36 % dan resisten = 25,71 %, dan dengan AV rentan = 82,34 %, toleran = 14,67 % dan resisten = 2,99 % Analisis dengan Oneway ANOVA kemaknaan 5% menolak hipotesis yang berarti terjadi penurunan status kerentanan nyamuk Ae. aegypti terhadap temefos, serta uji perbandingan berganda PostHoc Test menggunakan Tuckey’s HSD terdapat perbedaan bermakna nyata antara kelurahan Andalas, Jati dan Teluk Bayur dengan kelurahan lain. Studi spasial kerawanan wilayah terhadap kejadian DBD berbasis BI, diperoleh hasil 42,86 % wilayah kelurahan resiko sedang dan 21,43 % kelurahan bahaya, untuk kota Padang (BI) rata-rata 35 dengan resiko tingg

Temephos has been applied since 1976s in Padang.Susceptibility status has been never conducted. The objective of research investigated Aedes aegypti susceptibility status to temephos in subdistrict, and spatia l study of the risky area toward Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever occurrence. The research is observational larvae density based Breteau Index (BI), quasi experimental to 3th and 4th larvae of Ae. aegypti collected with ovitrap and colonization for biochemically test with colour eyescore and ELISA reader l : 450 nm.The susceptibility status was detected from esterase enzyme elevated activity (a-NA and ß- NA) showing a change of colour reaction of the mosquito homogenate in microplate wells and filter paper spot tecnique. Appropriate of susceptibility from colour changes to dark blue, the susceptibility level with presented from sensitive (SS), tolerance (RS) to resistance (RR). The finding the research indicates that larvae and esterase enzyme activity elevated with substrat a-NA, by colour eyescore SS = 30,33 %, RS = 49,00 % and RR = 20,67 % with mean rate for Padang 2,0 and it is appropriate to to lerance level. While that ß-NA is tolerant (RS) by colour eyescore mean 2,05 and with ELISA reader (SS) = 82,34 %, (RS) = 14,67 % and (RR) = 2,99 %. The result with ELISA reader indicates AV<0,700 = 77,67%, AV 0,700-0,900 = 18,66 % and AV>0,900 = 3,67 %. The statistic analysis of Oneway ANOVA significance 5% indicates that Ae. aegypti declining status of temephos, and multicomparison of PostHoc Test indicates difference real meaning susceptibility status between subdistrict Andalas, Jati, and Teluk Bayur from other subdistrict. The spatial study explain of the risky area toward DHF occurence based on BI, obtained by result 42,86 % subdistrict medium of risk and 21,43 % of dangerous, and BI = 35 high risk for the Padang city.

Kata Kunci : Epidemiologi DB,Aedes Aegypti,Temefos, Aedes aegypti – temephos – spatial study - breteau index