Pengaruh kondisi sosial ekonomi terhadap kebutuhan air untuk rumah tangga di Kecamatan Geneng Kabupaten Ngawi
SOEPARMINTO, Prof.Drs. Kasto, MA
2005 | Tesis | S2 GeografiPemanfaatan air tanah yang berlebih di Kecamatan Geneng mulai banyak dilakukan terutama oleh masyarakat berpenghasilan tinggi. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan berapa sebetulnya kebutuhan air untuk rumah tangga di Kecamatan Geneng ditinjau dari kondisi sosial ekonomi seperti penghasilan, pendidikan, dan pekerjaan. Begitu juga kelangsungan pemakaian air di masa depan juga menjadi pertanyaan. Rata-rata tertimbang konsumsi air di Kelurahan sebesar 75.00 l/kapita/hari, sedang di perdesaan 82.69 l/kapita/hari. Ditinjau dari jenis pekerjaan PNS mengkonsumsi air terbesar di kelurahan sebesar 307,7 l/kapita/hari sedang buruh tani mengkonsumsi air paling sedikit 75,00 l/kapita/hari, sementara di perdesaan pengusaha/swasta serta PNS mengkonsumsi air terbanyak sebesar 251,92 l/kapita/hari, sedangkan buruh tani sebesar 82,69 l/kapita/hari. Dari analisis regresi berganda menunjukkan faktor penghasilan, jumlah anggota KK, jumlah kran dan pekerjaan berpengaruh nyata (signifikan) terhadap konsumsi air di kelurahan (R2 = 0,938) sementara di pedesaan faktor penghasilan, jumlah kran, pendidikan, dan jumlah anggota KK berpengaruh signifikan terhadap konsumsi air (R2 = 0,852). Faktor pendidikan dan asal air tidak berpengaruh nyata di kelurahan, sedangkan di perdesaan faktor pekerjaan dan asal air tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Pola pemanfatan air untuk mandi, masak dan cuci untuk tingkat pendidikan SD didominasi oleh buruh tani (77,8%) sisanya petani (22,2%), sedang untuk mandi, cuci, masak dan taman untuk tingkat pendidikan S1 didominasi oleh pensiunan (60%), pengusaha dan PNS masing-masing 20%. Persepsi kelangsungan pemakaian air di masa depan yang masuk kategori “egois†untuk kelurahan ditinjau dari tingkat pendidikan dominan SD (55%), SMP (20%), SMA (20%), dan S1 (5%). Di daerah pedesaan tingkat pendidikan D3 dan S1 100% mempunyai persepsi kelangsungan pemakaian air di masa depan yang masuk kategori “berfikir ke depanâ€, sedangkan SMA (55,6%), SMP (6,7%) dan SD (10,5%). Faktor pendidikan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap persepsi kelangsungan pemanfaatan air ke depan dengan nilai chi square 22,44 untuk kelurahan dan nilai chi square 40,268 untuk daerah perdesaan lebih besar dari nilai chi square tabel sebesar 9,4877 pada tingkat signifikansi () 5% dan derajat kebebasan (df) 4. Rata-rata pemakaian air per kapita sangat tinggi karena persediaan melimpah dan ini perlu penghematan dan untuk pola pemakaian air untuk rumah tangga perlu diatur agar tidak bertindak boros sedangkan untuk presepsi penggunaan air untuk rumah tangga yang baik perlu disosialisasikan demi kelangsungan lingkungan hidup pada masa depan.
The overuse of ground water in the District of Geneng is beginning to be done, especially by community with high income. Questions to this overuse of ground water appears as how much the actual domestic need in this District is, based upon the condition of social economic, such as income, education and occupation. The other issue is also the sustaining use of water in the coming time. This research is meant firstly to discuss and find out the average consumption of water per capita per day in the District of Geneng along with the influencing factors. Secondly, to find out the pattern of domestic water use in the District of Geneng and Thirdly, to discuss the effects of social economic environment toward the perception of satisfaction and the sustaining water use in the coming time. The measured average of water consumption in The Kelurahan (rural village) amounts to 75.000 litter/capital/day, while it the outer village amounts to 82.69 litter/capital/day. Seen from the types of occupation, government officers consume the most. In rural village they consume up to 307.7 litter/capital/day, while the peasants consume at least 82.69 litter/capital/day. From double regression analysis, it is found that the factor of income, the numbers of family, the numbers of taps and the types of occupation in influeance significantly toward the water consumption in the rural village (R2=0,938), while in the outer villages the factor income, the numbers of taps, education and the numbers of family influence significantly toward the water consumption (R2 =0,852). The factor of education and the place where water gained influence in significantly in the rural village, while the factor of occupation and the place where water gained in the outer village influence insignificantly. The pattern of water use for bathing, cooking and washing for elementary school grade is largely dominated by peasants (77.85%), the rest are farmers (22.2%), while for the same purpose for s1 levels in dominated by retired men (60%), businessmen and government officers 20%. The sustaining perception of water consumption in the coming time which belongs to “egoistic†in the rural village based on their education level is dominated by elementary school (55%), secondary (20%), senior high (20%), and S1 (5%). In the outer villages the level of D3 and S1 100% which has the sustaining perception of water use in the coming time belongs to “futuristic thinkingâ€, while senior high (55.6%), secondary (6.7%) and elementary (10.5%). The factor of education influence significantly toward the sustaining perception of water use in the coming time with the value of chi square of 22.44 for the rural village and 40.268. The outer villages consume more largely than the value of chi square amounting to 9.4877 at the significance degree (a) of 50% and degree of freedom (df) 4. The average water consumption per capita is very high because there is large water suppy. This takes saving measuremen and the pattern of domestic use should be well regulated in order not to waste it. The perception of water use for domestic purpose should be widely socialized for the sustainable life enviroment in the future.
Kata Kunci : Geografi,Air Tanah,Konsumsi Air,The Average water consumption, Saving measurement, The perception of water use for domestic
