Pengaruh warna mulsa plastik dan takaran paket pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil dan kualitas bawang merah dengan dua kali musim tanam

HARAHAP, Qorry Hilmiyah, Dr.Ir. Endang Sulistyaningsih, M.Sc

2006 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Suatu penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh warna mulsa plastik dan takaran paket pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil dan kualitas tanaman bawang merah dengan dua kali musim tanam, telah dilakukan di desa Srigading kecamatan Sanden pada bulan April 2005 sampai Agustus 2005 Rancangan percobaan yang dipakai dalam rancangan petak terbagi (split plot) dengan 2 faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah warna mulsa plastik, terdiri dari lima aras yaitu tanpa mulsa, mulsa transparan, mulsa plastik hitam-perak, mulsa plastik hitam, dan mulsa plastik merah. Faktor kedua adalah takaran paket pupuk terdiri dari empat aras yaitu 5/4, 1, ¾, dan ½ takaran paket pupuk. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap, serapan cahaya, lengas tanah, suhu tanah, luas daun, berat kering gulma (g), jumlah daun, luas daun (cm2), indeks luas daun, LAB, LPT, berat kering oven tanaman (g), tinggi tanaman (cm), indeks panen, jumlah umbi, berat segar tanaman per rumpun (g), berat kering tanaman jemur matahari per rumpun (g), berat segar umbi per rumpun (g), berat segar umbi per hektar (ton), berat umbi kering jemur matahari per rumpun (g), berat umbi kering jemur matahari per hektar (ton), berat susut umbi (g), diameter umbi (cm), warna umbi, dan kekerasan umbi (N). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis sidik ragam dengan tingkat kepercayaan 5 %, apabila terdapat beda nyata antar perlakuan maka dilanjutkan dengan LSD 5%. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui hubungan antar tolok ukur pengamatan dilakukan analisis regresi dan korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada musim tanam pertama terdapat interaksi dari berat kering jemur matahri per hektar. Perlakuan mulsa plastik hitamperak dengan 1 dan 5/4 takaran paket pupuk memberikan hasil berat umbi kering jemur matahari per hektar sebesar 21,50ton/ha dan 18,77 ton/ha, hasil tersebut lebih tinggi dibandingkan warna mulsa hitam, merah dan transparan. Sedangkan perlakuan tanpa mulsa dengan ¾ dan 5/4 takaran paket pupuk memberikan hasil masing-masing sebesar 18,69 ton/ha dan 18,20 ton/ha, namun hasil yang diperoleh tidak berbeda nyata bila dibandingkan dengan mulsa plastik hitam-perak Hasil penelitian pada musim tanam kedua menunjukkan tidak terdapat interaksi antara perlakuan warna mulsa plastik dan takaran paket pupuk terhadap berat umbi kering jemur matahari per hektar. Perlakuan tanpa mulsa dan mulsa plastik merah memberikan hasil sebesar 8,34 ton/ha dan 6,70 ton/ha, hasil tersebut lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan mulsa plastik hitam-perak, hitam dan transparan. Sedangkan perlakuan 5/4, 1, dan ¾ takaran paket pupuk memberikan hasil berat kering umbi jemur matahari sebesar 6,04 ton/ha, 5,90 ton/ha, dan 5,46 ton/ha.

The aim of this research was to study the effects of colors plastic mulch and fertilizer package units on growth, yield and quality of shallot in twice planting seasons. The research has been conducted at Srigading village of Sanden sub district from April up to August 2005. The research was designed as a split plot with two factorial. The first factor was the colors of plastic mulch. It consisted of five levels i. e. without mulch, transparent plastic mulch, black-silver plastic mulch, black plastic mulch, and red plastic mulch. The second factor was the fertilizer package units’ i. e. ½, ¾, 1and 5/4 fertilizer package units. Data were observed in light absorption, soil moisture, soil temperature, leaves area, weed dry weight, leave number, leaf area index, net assimilation rate, crop growth rate, crop dried weight, crop height, harvest index, bulb number, crop fresh weight per hill, crop weight dried storage per hill, bulb fresh weight per hill, bulb fresh weight per hectare, bulb weight dried storage per hill, bulb dried storage weight per hectare, bulb shrink, bulb diameter, bulb color, and bulb hardness. The data obtained were analyzed using the variance analysis 5 % and if there were significantly different among the treatments the data were analyzed with 5 %. Regression and Correlation analysis were also performed to analyze relation among data. The results showed that there were interactions between the treatments on the bulb dried storage weight per hectare at the first planting seasons. Black-silver plastic mulch combined with 1 (21,88 t/hectare) and 5/4 (19,15 t/hectare) fertilizer package units gave higher the weight of dried bulb storage than in black mulch, red mulch and transparent mulch. Without mulch combined with ¾ (19,08 t/hectare) and 5/4 (18,57 t/hectare) fertilizer package units had no significant, but contrast with black-silver mulch. The results of the second planting seasons showed that there was no interaction between the color plastic mulch and the fertilizer package units on the weight of bulb storage per hectare. Without mulch and red plastic mulch gave higher results (8,34 t/hectare and 6,70 t/hectare) respectively than in black-silver mulch, red mulch, and transparent mulch. The fertilizer package units at 5/4, 1 and ¾ gave bulb storage weight (6,04 t/hectare; 5,90 t/ha; 5,46 t/hectare) respectively.

Kata Kunci : Bawang Merah,Pertumbuhan dan Kualitas,Takaran Paket Pupuk dan Warna Mulsa Plastik, plastic color mulch, fertilizer package units, and shallot