Evaluasi benih sebar dan keturunannya pada kedelai sayur (Edamame)

RAHAJENG, Yektining, Prof.Dr.Ir. Prapto Yudono, M.Sc

2006 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui sifat agronomi, hasil dan kualitas benih edamame import dan keturunannya, serta mendapatkan dosis pemupukan Nitrogen yang efisien dalam menghasilkan benih edamame sesuai dengan standart kualitas yang ditetapkan. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan Balai Promosi dan Pengembangan Perbenihan Agribisnis Hortikultura (BP2APH) di dusun Ngipiksari, kelurahan Hargobinangun, kecamatan Pakem, kabupaten Sleman, dengan ketinggian tempat 800 meter dari permukaan laut. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Pebruari 2005 sampai dengan Juni 2005. Penelitian disusun dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial 3 x 3. Faktor pertama macam benih yaitu : benih varietas R-75, benih R-75 keturunan pertama (ES1), benih R-75 keturunan kedua (ES2). Faktor kedua pupuk Nitrogen yaitu : 84 kg N/ ha, 40 kg N/ha, 23 kg N/ha. Setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Data yang diamati, komponen pertumbuhan meliputi tinggi tanaman, luas daun, berat kering tanaman, laju asimilasi bersih dan laju pertumbuhan tanaman. Komponen hasil meliputi jumlah polong total, jumlah polong berisi, indeks panen.dan berat 100 biji, hasil biji per tanaman. Kualitas benih yang dibahas meliputi kandungan N total biji, daya tumbuh dan vigor. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan Analisis Varian dengan jenjang nyata 5 % apabila ada beda nyata dilanjutkan dengan Uji Duncan pada jenjang nyata 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada interaksi antara perlakuan macam benih dengan perlakuan pemupukan Nitrogen, namun perlakuan macam benih menunjukkan beda nyata. Komponen pertumbuhan edamame tinggi tanaman, luas daun, laju asimilasi bersih, laju pertumbuhan tanaman, berat kering tanaman, menunjukan beda nyata antar perlakuan macam benih. Pada komponen hasil jumlah polong dan polong berisi benih R-75 memiliki jumlah polong lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan keturunannya. Kadar protein dan berat 100 biji menunjukkan tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan benih. Benih R-75 mempunyai produksi per ha yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan keturunannya ES1 dan ES2, namun benih ES1 dan ES2 mempunyai indeks panen yang lebih tinggi dari benih R-75. Daya kecambah dan vigor benih R-75, ES1 dan ES2 layak digunakan sebagai benih sebar. Perlakuan pupuk Nitrogen tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata pada semua komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil kedele sayur. Pemupukan Nitrogen dengan dosis rendah (dibawah 84 kg N / ha) dapat dilakukan di lahan dan memberikan hasil dan kualitas yang sama seperti dosis anjuran ROC – ATM ).

The Objectives of the research were to study morphological , yield and quality characteristices of imported edamame seed and its the derivation and to find out the optimum Nitrogen dosage for edamame seed production. This research was conducted at Horticulture Seed Promotion and Production Unit land in Ngipiksari village, Hargobinangun, district of Pakem, Sleman regency, Yogyakarta province, 800 meter from sea level, from February to June 2005. The research was desaigned in Factorial CRD 3 x 3 treatments with 3 replications, the first factors was types of seed, i.e. R-75 variety seed, first derivation of R-75 and second derivation of R-75. The second factor was fertilizer dosages consisted of 84 kg N / ha, 40 kg N/ha and 23 kg N / ha. Each treatment combination was replicated 3 times. Data were observed in plant height, leaf area, dry weight of plant, net asimilation rate, relative growth rate. Morever pods number, filled pods number, harvest index, weight of 100 grains, and yield per plant were analyzed. In addition Seed Nitrogen content, germination rates and vigor were analyzed. The data observed were analyzed statistically by variance analyzis with α 5 %. The results showed no interaction between kind of seed with Nitrogen fertilizer treatments. Growth components as plant height, leaf area, dry weight of plant, net asimilation rate, relative growth rate were significant was different to kind of seeds. Pods number, amount of pods of R-75 were heigher than in ES1 and ES2. But weight of 100 grains, and total Nitrogen seed content were not significantly different among kind of seeds. Production per ha of R-75 seed were heigher significantly than in the derivation of ES1 and ES2. Whereas Harvest indext of ES2 and ES1 were heigher than in R-75. Data Germination rates and vigor were showed that all kind of seeds could be used for extension seed. Nitrogen fertilizer treatment gave no effects significantly on all of growth and yield of vegetable soybean. Therefore Nitrogen fertilizer with low dosage (under 84 kg N/ha) cuold be applied in the field and gave the same yield and quality as Nitrogen fertilizer recommended by ROC – ATM.

Kata Kunci : Tanaman Kedelai Sayur,Kualitas Benih,Variation of seed, N fertilizer, Significant