Pengaruh intensitas dan saat penaungan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman gandum (Triticum aestivum L.)

PRATIWI, Gagad Restu, Prof.Dr.Ir. Prapto Yudono, M.Sc

2006 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Suatu penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh intensitas dan waktu penaungan atau kombinasinya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman gandum, telah dilakukan di desa Kragilan kecamatan Mojosongso pada bulan Mei sampai Agustus 2005. Rancangan percobaan yang dipakai dua faktorial, disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi (split plot). Faktor pertama adalah intensitas naungan, terdiri dari tiga aras yaitu paranet 25 %, 50 %, dan 75 %. Faktor kedua adalah waktu penaungan terdiri dari tiga aras yaitu 10 hst, 36 hst, dan 55 hst. Di samping kedua faktor tersebut, terdapat satu perlakuan tambahan yaitu tanpa naungan, yang berfungsi sebagai kontrol. Parameter yang diteliti meliputi tiga komponen utama, yaitu iklim mikro, pertumbuhan tanaman, dan komponen hasil. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap suhu udara, kelembaban udara, intensitas cahaya di dalam dan di luar naungan, lengas tanah, suhu tanah, luas daun, laju transpirasi, kehijauan daun, rasio tajuk akar, jumlah malai per m2, jumlah anakan produktif per tanaman. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis sidik ragam dilanjutkan dengan DMRT 5% dan kontras orthogonal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian naungan menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan pada iklim mikro (intensitas cahaya, suhu udara, kelembaban udara, suhu tanah dan ladar lengas tanah) di sekitar pertanaman gandum. Pemberian intensitas naungan 50 % meningkatan tinggi tanaman, laju asimilasi bersih, dan laju pertumbuhan tanaman. Semakin tinggi intensitas naungan dapat menurunkan laju transpirasi, jumlah anakan per tanaman serta jumlah malai per m2. Saat penaungan dimulai 10 hst dan 35 hst menurunkan ILD 60 hst, LAD, jumlah malai per tanaman, jumlah malai per m2, dan kehijauan daun, sedangkan saat penaungan dimulai 10 hst memberikan rasio tajuk akar 60 hst yang tertinggi.

The aim of this research was to study the effects of intensity and shading time on growth of wheat. The research was conducted at Kragilan village of Mojosongo sub district, from May to August 2005. The research was designed with two factorials as a split plot. The first factor was the shading intensity, consisted of i.e. 25 %, 50 % and 75 %. The second factor was the time of shading consisted of i.e. 10 days after showing (DAS), 35 DAS, and 55 DAS. In addition, there was one treatment of without shading. The observation was carried out in microclimate, crop growth, and yield components. The microclimate data were air temperature, air relative humidity, light intensity inside and outside the shading, and soil moisture. The crop growth data were leaves area, transpiration rate, leaves greenness, ratio of root shoot. The yield component data were the number of spikes per square meter, and the number of tiller per plant. The obtained data were analyzed by using the variance analysis and for the significant analysis treatment was contrast orthogonal and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the level significant 5 %. The results showed that the shading treatment caused changes in light intensity, air temperature, relative humidity, soil temperature, and soil moisture around the crop. The 50 % shading increased the height of the crop, net assimilation rate, plant crop rate. In addition, the increasing intensity of shading also decreased rate transpiration, the number of fertile tiller per hill, and the number of spikes per square meter. Thus, the date of shading started on 10 DAS and 35 DAS decreased the leaf area index on 60 DAS, leaf area duration, the number of spike per hill, the number of spike per square meter, and leaves greenness. Meanwhile the date of shading started on 10 DAS gave the highest Shoot Root Ratio (SRS) on 60 DAS.

Kata Kunci : Tanaman Gandum,Pertumbuhan,Penaungan Tanaman,light, intensity, time of shading, wheat