Pengaruh ketersediaan air dan intensitas cahaya terhadap kandungan alkaloid Tapak Liman (Elephantopus scaber L.)

MURNI, Harini, Prof.Dr. Santosa

2006 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketersediaan air dan intensitas cahaya berbeda terhadap kandungan alkaloid tapak liman (Elephantopus scaber L.) Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial dengan dua perlakuan. Perlakuan/faktor pertama, frekuensi penyiraman dengan tiga aras, yaitu A1 : penyiraman 1 hari sekali, A2 : penyiraman 2 hari sekali, A3 : penyiraman 3 hari sekali sampai kapasitas lapang. Faktor kedua, intensitas cahaya dengan tiga aras, yaitu C1 : intensitas cahaya 100%, C2 : 75%, dan C3 : 50% dari intensitas cahaya matahari penuh. Masing-masing perlakuan dengan enam ulangan. Penanaman dalam polibag, berisi tanah masing-masing dua kg, tanpa diberi pupuk. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan tapak liman meliputi jumlah daun, panjang dan lebar daun, luas daun, berat kering total, rasio pucuk/akar. Analisis alkaloid menggunakan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Pengukuran kadar alkaloid menggunakan kombinasi KLT dan Densitometri. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis sidik ragam (Anova) sedangkan untuk mengetahui beda nyata antara rerata perlakuan digunakan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf uji 5%. Penyiraman 2 hari sekali berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kandungan alkaloid. Sedangkan intensitas cahaya tidak berpengaruh. Tidak ada interaksi antara penyiraman dan intensitas cahaya dalam biosintesis alkaloid tapak liman. Ketersediaan air berpengaruh terhadap kadar alkaloid, jumlah daun, panjang & lebar daun dan berat kering total. Intensitas cahaya berpengaruh terhadap jumlah daun, luas daun dan rasio pucuk/akar.

This study was aimed to identify the effects of water supply and light intensity on the alkaloid content of Elephantopus scaber L. Factorial Completely Randomized Design with two factors were used in this experiment. The first factor was variation of water supply, i.e. A1 : watered everyday, A2 : watered once in two days and A3 : watered once in three days until field capacity. Second factor was light intensity, i.e. 100% (C1), 75% (C2) and 50% (C3) of full sunlight respectively. Each combination treatment with six replicates were used in this experiment. Plants were grown on two kg unfertilized soil per polybag. Parameter measured were biomass, alkaloid content, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width, shoot/root ratio. Alkaloid content was determined using TLC Densitometry. Collected data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (Anova), followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significant. Water treatment once in two days influenced significantly the content of alkaloid, while light intensity had no effect. No interaction was found between light intensity and water treatment on the alkaloid contents of E. scaber. Water treatments gave significant effects on leaf-length and total dry weight; and light intensity gave significant effect on leaf-number, leaf-area and shoot/root ratio.

Kata Kunci : Biologi Tanaman,Tapak Liman,Metabolit Sekunder,Alkaloid, water supply, light intensity, alkaloid, Elephantopus scaber L., TLC Densitometry