Adaptasi ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio Linne) dan Patin (Pangasius pangasius Ham. Buch) pada peningkatan salinitas

SARYUDI, Drs. Suharno, SU

2006 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: kelulushidupan, pertumbuhan, hematologi dan elektrolit serum ikan mas dan patin pada perlakuan peningkatan salinitas. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan petak terbagi dengan petak utama: peningkatan salinitas ; S0 (kontrol), S1 (0–4‰), S2 (0–8‰), S3 (0–12‰), dan S4 (0–16‰). Petak bagian : jenis ikan ; P1 (ikan mas, Cyprinus carpio, L) dan P2 (patin, Pangasius pangasius, HB). Masing-masing kombinasi di kelompokkan dalam 3 blok. Perlakuan dilaksanakan selama 40 hari dengan menggunakan bak berukuran 60 x 60 x 50 cm yang dilengkapi dengan aerasi dan resirkulasi. Ikan uji yang dipergunakan berukuran 9–10 cm sebanyak 10 ekor setiap unit percobaan. Laju peningkatan salinitas semua perlakuan 2‰/24 jam. Pakan diberikan sebanyak 3 % dari berat tubuh ikan perhari, berupa pakan komersil. Parameter kualitas air yang diamati yaitu suhu, oksigen terlarut, CO2 dan pH. Pengamatan terhadap mortalitas dilakukan setiap hari sedangkan pengamatan pertumbuhan dilakukan 20 hari sekali. Pengamatan hematologi dilakukan pada akhir penelitian dengan menentukan hematokrit, eritrosit dan hemoglobin. Elektrolit serum yang dianalisis yaitu Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ dan Cl-. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ikan mas mempunyai tingkat kelulushidupan dan pertumbuhan yang normal hingga salinitas 8‰ sedangkan ikan patin hingga 16‰. Gambaran hematologi menunjukkan ikan mas dalam kondisi sehat hingga salinitas 12‰ sedangkan pada 16‰ mengalami anemia. Konsentrasi elektrolit serum darah ikan mas menunjukkan sistem osmoregulasi pada salinitas di atas 8‰ tidak dapat beradaptasi dengan baik. Gambaran hematologi dan konsentrasi elektrolit serum ikan patin menunjukan ikan sehat dan dapat beradaptasi dengan baik hingga 16‰.

This research aimed to identify the survival rate, growth, hematology and serum electrolytes of common carp and patin in treatment of salinity increase. The research design employed was a divided block design with salinity increase as the main plot, consisting of S0 (control), S1 (0-4‰), S2 (0-8‰), S3 (0-12‰), and S4 (0-16‰). Subplots included the types of fish: P1 (common carp, Cyprinus carpio L) and P2, (patin, Pangasius pangasius HB). Each combination was grouped into 3 blocks. The treatment was carried out for 40 days using 60x60x50cm basins equipped with aeration and recirculation. The tested fish, 10 for each trial, were 9-10 cm in length. The salinity increase rate for all treatments was 2‰/24 hours. The amount of feed given, in form of commercial feed, was 3% of body weight per day. Parameters of water quality observed were temperature, dissolved oxygen, CO2, and pH. Observations on mortality and growth were conducted on a daily basis and every 20 days respectively. Hematology observation was conducted at the end of the treatment by determining hematocrit, erythrocyte and hemoglobin. Serum electrolytes analyzed were Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl-. The results of this research indicate that the fish have normal survival rate and growth up to 8‰ and 16‰ of salinity for common carp and patin respectively. Hematology description indicates that common carp is healthy in 12‰ salinity, while in 16‰ salinity the fish experience anemia. The concentration of blood serum electrolytes of common carp indicate that the osmoregulation system cannot adapt well in salinity above 8‰. In addition, the hematology description and concentration of serum electrolytes for patin indicate that the fish is healthy and able to adapt well up to 16‰ salinity.

Kata Kunci : Biologi Hewan,Serum Ikan Mas dan Patin,Salinitas,salinity, Cyprinus carpio, Pangasius pangasius, survival rate, hematology, serum electrolyte