Evaluasi insektisida kelambu Deltametrin di Laboratorium setelah digunakan 24 bulan di Kokap, Kulon Progo Yogyakarta

HARTINI, Sri, dr. Tri Baskoro Tunggul S., MSc.,PhD

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis

Backgraund: Use of impregnated bed net in Africa Sub-Sahara shows decrease of mosquito density (Cuzin_quattara et al, 1999, in Gimning, 2003). Type of insecticide generally used ti impregnated net is pyrethroid. Bed net washing after soaking and drying under the sun can lead to insecticide degradation, (Anonim, 1997). Malaria cases in Kulon Progo during use of deltamethrin bed net decreased from 28,267 to 3,143 om 2003 and 73 in 2004. Malaria cases in Kulon Progo still exist although deltamethrin Long Lasting Impregnated Nets (LLINs) is used. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the residual effectiveness of deltamethrin Long Lasting Impragnated Nets (LLINs) after 24 months period by Kulon Progo district community. Method: The study was a non-experiment method with cross sectional design carried out at Vector and Reservoir Control Unit of Salatiga and Sumitomo Chemical of Malaysia. The samples used were deltamethrin LLINs which had never been used by Kulon Progo district community. The data analysis used one way Anova with SPSS 12.0 programme to identify the average difference of effectiveness deltametrhrin LLINs. Result: The results showed that the effectiveness iof deltamethrin LLINs which had never been used was 29.14 +7.97%. In addition deltamethrin LLINs which has been used for 24 months and once, twice and three times for every period, revealed the mosquitoes mortalities at 28.29 +5.92% 24.11 +4.94% and 19.14 +7.48% respectively. Deltamethrin residue of LLINs which had never been used, before were washed for once, twice and three times and resulted as 58.60 +9.27 mg/m2 , 45.02 + 9.72 mg/m2, 41.78 +10.29 mg/m2 and 27.48 + 15.90mg/m2 respectively. The results showed that there was a negative correlation between the reduction of the nets effectiveness and the frequentcy of washed practices. Further more the study also revealed that there was a significant difference (p< 0,05) between the residue of deltamethrin and the frequentcy of washing practices which were done by the community. Conclusion: In short, the results of the bioassay had proved that the deltamethrin LLINs was no more effective to kill the mosquitoes after 24 months exposure (up to three times washes, mortality less than 70%).

Kata Kunci : Malaria,Insektisida,Kelambu Deltametrin,Deltametrin LLINs, killing effectiveness, deltamethrin residue