Hubungan antara konsumsi makanan Gointrogenik dan status iodium pada ibu hamil di kecamatan endemis GAKY Kabupaten Gunung Kidul Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

SANTOSO, Eko Budi, Prof.dr. Hamam Hadi, MS.Sc.D

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Manajemen Gizi dan K

Latar Belakang : Gangguan Akibat Kurang Iodium (GAKI) masih menjadi masalah gizi di Indonesia, kususnya dikabupaten Gunungkidul. Namun belum diketahui berapa kontribusi goitrogenik tiosianat terhadap kejadian GAKI pada masyarakat. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pola konsumsi, khususnya asupan iodium, goitrogenik tiosianat, dan protein dengan status iodium urin. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif didukung dengan kualitatif. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil dengan usia kehamilan 13 –24 minggu . Data yang dicari adalah data karakteristik ibu hamil, pola konsumsi, serta kadar iodium dalam urine. Survei kansumsi dengan metode FFQ. Analisa data dilakukan secara diskriptif dan analitik dengan uji Chi Square , multiple regresion menggunakan program SPSS release 11,5. Hasil : Ada hubungan antara asupan iodium dengan ekresi iodium urin, dimana ibu hamil dengan asupan iodium rendah beresiko EIU rendah 6,34 kali (P< 0,05). Ada hubungan antara asupan goitrogenik tiosianat dengan ekresi iodium urin dimana ibu hamil dengan asupan gitrogenik tiosianat tinggi beresiko EIU rendah 3,53 kali (P < 0,05), Ada hubungan antara asupan protein dengan EIU dimana ibu hamil dengan asupan protein rendah beresiko EIU rendah 1,41 kali (P<0,05). Analisis regresi linier didapat variabel asupan goitrogenik mempunyai kontribusi negatip paling kuat terhadap ekresi iodium urin. Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan antara asupan iodium dengan ekresi iodium urin ibu hamill, dimana semakin tinggi asupan iodium semakin meningkat kadar ekresi iodium urinnya. Ada hubungan antara asupan goitrogenik tiosianat dengan ekresi iodium urin ibu hamil. Dimana semakin tinggi asupan goitrogenik tiodianat maka ekresi iodium urin semakin turun. Ada hubungan antara asupan protein dengan ekresi iodium urin ibu hamil . Dimana semakin tinggi asupan protein semakin meningkat kadar ekresi iodium urinnya

Background: Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) is nutrition problem in Indonesia, particularly in Gunung Kidul District. However it is not yet known how much goitrogenic foods contribute to IDD ini this population. Objectives: To identify the relationship between consumption pattern of pregnant mothers, especially intake of iodine, goitrogenic, and protein, and urine iodine level. Methods: This was an observational research which used a cross sectional design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Subject of the study were pregnant mothers with gestation period between 13 to 24 weeks. Data used consisted of characteristics of pregnant mothers, consumption pattern, and urine iodine level. Survey of consumption used food frequency questionnaire method. Data were descriptively and analytically processed using chi square and multiple regression test with SPSS program release 11.5. Results: There was relationship between iodine intake urine iodine excretion. Pregnant mothers with low iodine intake had risk 6.7 times for low iodine excretion (p<0.05). There was relationship between thiocyanate goitrogenic intake with urine iodine excretion. Pregnant mothers with high thiocyanate goitrogenic intake had risk 3.5 times for low iodine excretion (p<0.05). There was relationship protein intake and urine iodine excretion. Pregnant mothers with low protein intake had risk 1.41 times for low iodine excretion (p<0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that goitrogenic intake variable had strongest negative contribution to urine iodine ecxretion. Conclusion: There was relationship between iodine intake and urine iodine excretion of pregnant mothers, the higher was the iodine intake the higher was urine iodine excretion. There was relationship between thiocyanate goitrogenic intake and urine iodine excretion of pregnant mothers. Higher thiocyanate goitrogenic intake resulted in low urine iodine excretion. There was relationship between protein intake and urine iodine excretion. Higher protein intake resulted in higher level of urine iodine excretion.

Kata Kunci : Gizi Ibu Hamil,Status Iodium,Konsumsi Makanan,Gointrogenik, iodine intake, goitrogenic intake, protein intake, pregnant mother