Peluang guru bantu menjadi peserta Jaminan Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Masyarakat (JPKM) di Kabupaten Sleman

RUSTAMAJI, Triyoso, dr. Andung Prihadi Santosa, MKes

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Kebijakan Pembiayaan

Latar belakang: Kesehatan merupakan salah satu hak dasar bagi setiap warga negara. Untuk memenuhi hak tersebut pemerintah memiliki keterbatasan dana sehingga perlu diselenggarakan asuransi kesehatan social dengan premi yang murah diantaranya adalah Jaminan Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Masyarakat (JPKM). Program ini diharapkan dapat menjangkau seluruh lapisan masyarakat, khususnya masyarakat miskin yang umumnya belum memiliki jaminan kesehatan. Namun demikian, 455 guru bantu di Kabupaten Sleman yang tergolong pendapatnnya sangat minim belum terjangkau pelayanan JPKM. Padahal peran guru bantu sangat penting untuk memenuhi kekurangan guru sehingga perlu mendapatkan jaminan kesehatan melalui JPKM agar dapat menjalankan tugasnya dengan lebih baik. Tujuan penelitian : menganalisis peluang guru bantu menjadi peserta di JPKM Kabupaten Sleman Metode penelitian: Penelitian yang digunakan yaitu jenis kualitatif. Data primer dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam kepada guru bantu di kabupaten Sleman serta pelaksanaan focussed group discussion yang diikuti guru bantu. Data sekunder didapat dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sleman yang berkaitan dengan program JPKM. Hasil: Pemda Kabupaten Sleman, baik dinas kesehatan, dinas pendidikan, dan DPRD tidak mempunyai kebijakan untuk memberikan jaminan kesehatan kepada guru bantu melalui program JPKM. Selain itu, stakeholders guru bantu tidak memberikan dukungan terhadap kemungkinan guru bantu menjadi peserta JPKM. Meskipun ada kemauan sebagian besar guru bantu untuk menjadi peserta JPKM, ketidakmampuan mereka membayar premi, tidak adanya kebijakan Pemda Kabupaten Sleman dan kurangnya dukungan dari stakeholders guru bantu menyebabkan peluang mereka untuk menjadi peserta JPKM sangat kecil. Kesimpulan: Persepsi guru bantu terhadap JPKM Kabupaten Sleman cukup positif. JPKM dipandang sebagai upaya pemberian jaminan kesehatan oleh pemda Kabupaten Sleman bagi warganya. Namun, Kemampuan guru bantu menjadi peserta JPKM sangat rendah. Hampir semua guru bantu menyatakan tidak sanggup membayar biaya premi JPKM. Dukungan stakeholders terhadap peluang guru bantu menjadi anggota JPKM Kabupaten Sleman sangat minim sehingga. Peluang guru bantu menjadi peserta JPKM Kabupaten Sleman sangat kecil.

Background: Health is one of basic human rights of every citizen. To meet this right the government has limitation of funding so that social health insurance with cheap premi such as Community Health Maintenance Insurance (CHMI) needs to be developed. Such a program is expected to reach all levels of the community, especially poor community that generally has not had health insurance. However, as many as 455 support teachers at Sleman District who have very minimum income have not been provided with CHMI service. Meanwhile support teachers have very important role in overcoming problems of limited number of teachers so that they should get health insurance through CHMI in order to be able to do their job better. Objective: To identify probability of support teachers to become CHMI participants at Sleman District. Method: The study used qualitative approach. Primary data were obtained through indepth interview to support teachers at Sleman District and conducting focus group discussion with them. Secondary data were obtained from Health Office of Sleman District related to CHMI program. Result: Local government of Sleman District including health office, education office and local parliament did not have policy on the provision of health insurance for support teachers through CHMI program. Besides, stakeholders of support teachers did not give support to the possibility of support teachers to become participants of CHMI. Although most of support teachers were willing to become CHMI participants, they had very little probability because they could not afford to pay premi, there was no policy of local government of Sleman District and there was lack of support from stakeholders. Conclusion: Perception of support teachers about CHMI of Sleman District was positive enough. CHMI was considered as effort of health insurance provision by local government of Sleman District to its people. However, support teachers' capacity to become CHMI participants was very low. Almost all support teachers stated that they could not afford to pay CHMI premi. Support of stakeholders for support teachers to become CHMI participants of Sleman District was very minimum so that support teachers had very little probability to become CHMI participants of Sleman District.

Kata Kunci : Asuransi Kesehatan JPKM,Guru Bantu