Faktor-faktor risiko kejadian diare akut pada anak 0-35 bulan (Batita) di Kabupaten Bantul

ZUBIR, dr. M. Juffrie, SpAK.,Ph.D

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Epidemiologi Lapanga

Latar Belakang Penelitian : Diare masih merupakan salah satu penyakit penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian, hampir seluruh daerah geografis dunia dan menyerang semua kelompok usia, tetapi penyakit berat dengan kematian yang tinggi terutama didapatkan pada bayi dan anak balita. Program penanggulangan diare di Kabupaten Bantul sudah ditempuh dengan bentuk kegiatan penemuan dan pengobatan penderita, pembentukan dan pembinaan kader diare, peningkatan kualitas maupun kuantitas sarana sanitasi lingkungan dan peningkatan peran serta masyarakat melalui penyuluhan termasuk program peningkatan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS). Walaupun upaya penanggulangan telah dilaksanakan secara intensif, namun diare masih saja merupakan masalah kesehatan prioritas di Kabupaten Bantul. Tujuan : Mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko kejadian diare akut pada anak batita di Kabupaten Bantul. Metode Penelitian : Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan menggunakan rancangan kasus control. Subyek penelitian adalah anak 0-35 bulan (batita) di Kabupaten Bantul. Sampel diambil tidak secara random dari 6 wilayah puskesmas yang mewakili kabupaten. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner tertutup, disusun secara berstruktur. Data penelitian diambil dari kasus dan kontrol sewaktu penyelenggaraan posyandu di masyarakat. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif, univariat, dan multivariat. Hasil: Dari sembilan variabel yang diduga sebagai faktor risiko diare akut pada anak batita di Kabupaten Bantul, tiga variabel diantaranya bermakna secara statistik sebagai faktor risiko. Kesimpilan: Kebiasaan ibu tidak cuci tangan atau cuci tangan tanpa sabun sebelum menyuapi anak, tempat buang air besar keluarga tidak di jamban dan pemberhentian ASI secara dini (tidak dilanjutkan sampai dengan umur anak 2 tahun) secara statistik bermakna sebagai faktor risiko terhadap terjadinya diare akut pada anak usia batita di Kabupaten Bantul.

Background: Diarrhea is still one of disease which becomes the main cause of illness and death in almost all geographic areas of the world and attacks all age groups. However, serious disease with high mortality mostly occur to infants and children under five. Diarrhea prevention program at Bantul District has been realized through activities of search and cure of sufferers, establishment and management of diarrhea cadre, improvement of quality and quantity of environment sanitation facilities and community participation through promotion of healthy and clean life behavior improvement program. Although efforts have been made intensively, diarrhea is still a priority health problem at Bantul District. Objectives: To identify risk factors of acute diarrhea occurrence among children under three years old at Bantul District. Method: This was an observational study which used case control design. Subject of the study were children aged 0-35 months (under three years) at Bantul District. Samples were purposively taken from 6 community health center areas representing the district. Data collection used closed questionnaires, systematically arranged. Research data were taken from case and control during the execution of integrated service post in the community. Data analysis used univariate and multivariate. Result: Out of 9 variables assumed as risk factors of acute diarrhea among children under three at Bantul District, 3 of them were statistically significant as risk factors. Conclusion: Mothers' habit of not washing hands or washing hands without soap before feeding the children, unavailability of toilet at home and early cessation of breastfeeding (discontinued before the children reached 2 years of age) were statistically significant as risk factors of acute diarrhea occurrence among children under three years at Bantul District.

Kata Kunci : Diare Akut, Anak Balita 0,35 Bulan