Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pola ruang permukiman nelayan di Pulau Lakkang SUlawesi Selatan

RUSLIN, Muh. Rizal, Dr.Ir. Budi Prayitno, M.Eng

2005 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Arsitektur (Desain Kawasan Binaan)

Agar perkembangan kota Makassar dapat diarahkan dengan baik perlu dikembangkan suatu kesatuan sistem organisasi, baik yang bersifat sosial, visual maupun fisik yang terancang dengan terpadu Permukiman di pulau Lakkang yang berbentuk rumah-rumah panggung tumbuh secara organik dengan ketinggian dari permukaan antara 1 hingga 3 meter, ketinggian lantai bangunan di kawasan permukiman dengan permukaan bantaran/lahan mengakibatkan masyarakat selalu ingin besifat praktis mengabaikan faktor lingkungan alami, serta kurangnya sarana infrasturktur yang memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pola keruangan dan lingkungan yang ada : hunian, infrastruktur, mengetahui tipe dan bentuk arsitektural di kawasan serta arahan konsep penampilan kawasan hunian tepian sungai di pulau Lakkang yang sesuai, dengan mengunakan metode deskripsi untuk membuat gambaran secara sistimatis di lapangan. Sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pertimbangan penataan kawasan permukiman di pulau Lakkang. Dalam melakukan penelitian, dilakukan analisis objek amatan pada tiga buah jalan utama dengan landasan operasional penelitian :Ruang, sirkulasi dan bangunan. Temuan dari analisis didapatkan empat buah spot kawasan yang mewakili kawasan. Keempat spot di analisis dan dibahas kembali sesuai dengan parameter penelitian dengan mengunakan tiga teori, yaitu teori figure ground, teori lingkage dan teori place. Temuan dari penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pola interaksi kawasan terdapat tujuh yang dapat memberikan dampak negatif dan positif di kawasan dalam perkembangannya dan pola jaringan jalan di kawasan adalah linear, linear konfigurasi dan pola menyebar. Ruang terbuka yang terdapat di kawasan terdapat pada jalan utama, di antara bangunan dan jalan. Bangunan di kawasan berpola linear terhadap jalan dan cluster pada akhir jalan dengan orientasi bangunan pada jalan dan beberapa ruang terbuka. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kawasan adalah kontur, kepemilikan lahan, jalan dan pola aktivitas.

In order that the development of Makassar City can be directed well, an organization system unit needs to be developed, whether that is social, visual, or physical, which are designed integratedly. The residence in Lakkang Island, which is in the form of house on stilts, grows organically with the altitude of 1 to 3 meters from the surface. The building’s roof altitude in the residence area with flood plain / land surface causes people always want to practically ignore the natural environment factor, and the lack of sufficient infrastructure means. The objective of this research are to find out the existing space and environment pattern: residence, infrastructure,and to identify the type and the architectural form of houses in the area and the performance concept directive of river-bank housing area in Lakkang Island which is suitable, by using description method to make illustration systematically in the field. Therefore, it can be used as a consideration base of the housing area arrangement in Lakkang Island. In conducting the research, the analysis of the observation objects is in three main roads is held with the research operational based on: space, circulation, and building. From the analysis, it is obtained that there are four area spots which represent the area. The four spots are analyzed and re-discussed according to the research parameter by using three theories, those are: figure ground theory, linkage theory, and place theory. From the research, it is concluded that there are seven area interaction patterns which may give negative and positive effects to the area in its development. The road net patterns in the area are linear, configuration linear, and spreading. The open space in the area is on the main road, between the buildings and the roads. The buildings in the area have a linear pattern to the road and cluster at the end of the road with the building orientation to the road and several open spaces. Factors which influence the area are contour, field ownership, road, and activity pattern.

Kata Kunci : Permukiman Nelayan, Pola Ruang, Arahan Rancangan, The fisherman Housing in Lakkang Island, infrastructure, building, space, and design directive.