Respons organisasi perempuan terhadap perubahan politik :: Dari era Orde Baru hingga era Reformasi

RIYADI HS., Dody, Prof.Dr. Sunyoto Usman

2005 | Tesis | S2 Sosiologi

Penelitian ini penulis lakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana respons organisasi perempuan terhadap perubahan politik. Organisasi-organisasi perempuan di Yogyakarta seperti Yasanti, Rifka Annisa Women’s Crisis Center, dan Pusat Studi Wanita IAIN Sunan Kalijaga telah muncul sejak Orde Baru untuk merespons persoalan perempuan yang diakibatkan budaya dan pembangunan. Di tengah otoriterisme politik rejim Orde Baru, organisasi perempuan tidak memiliki banyak kesempatan untuk memberdayakan berbagai aspek kehidupan perempuan melalui beragam gerakan. Perubahan politik dari otoriterisme kepada era reformasi memberikan kesempatan luas bagi organisasi perempuan untuk memberdayakan perempuan sekaligus melakukan perubahan dalam kehidupan masyarakat melalui beragam gerakan. Untuk memperoleh data tentang respons organisasi perempuan terhadap perubahan politik, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan teknik wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi. Penulis melakukan wawancara dengan beberapa aktivis Yasanti, Rifka Annisa WCC dan PSW IAIN Sunan Kalijaga, menganalisis dokumen-dokumen yang relevan dengan ketiga organisasi, brosur, buku, jurnal, surat kabar, dan sumber tertulis lainnya, serta melakukan observasi untuk mengamati kegiatan ketiga organisasi tersebut. Dari data yang diperoleh, penulis menemukan bahwa ketiga organisasi perempuan tersebut muncul sebagai respons atau reaksi politis terhadap otoriterisme rejim Orde Baru, sebagai respons organisatoris terhadap organisasiorganisasi perempuan negara, dan sebagai respons ideologis terhadap konsep pembangunan dan konsep jender. Respons tersebut dilakukan melalui pendekatan dan strategi pemberdayaan yang terbatas karena pelbagai kendala, baik kendala eksternal berupa otoriterisme politik maupun kendala internal berupa kualitas sumber daya manusia dan ketergantungan organisasi pada lembaga donor. Pada era reformasi, respons organisasi perempuan terhadap perubahan politik demi keberdayaan perempuan dilakukan melalui pelbagai gerakan, pendekatan, strategi, program, dan kegiatan seperti advokasi, penelitian, publikasi, dan lobi politik. Penelitian ini mendefinisikan organisasi perempuan sebagai kolektivitas individu, tidak hanya perempuan namun juga laki-laki, yang mempunyai tujuan bersama untuk memberdayakan kehidupan perempuan melalui pelbagai gerakan.

This research is carried out by the writer in order to find out how women organization respond the political changes. Women organizations in Yogyakarta such as Yasanti, Rifka Annisa Women’s Crisis Center, and The Center For Women’s Studies at IAIN Sunan Kalijaga have emerged since New Order to respond women’s problems that were caused by the culture and development. During the New Order regime’s political authoritarianism, women did not have adequate opportunities in empowering various aspects of women’s lives through some sorts of movements. The political changes from authoritarianism to reformation era has given those organizations wider opportunities to empower women and at the same time done some changes in the society by means of various movements. In obtaining data concerning women organization’s response against political changes, the writer uses qualitative method with interview technique, documentation, and observation. The writer did some interviews with some activists of Yasanti, Rifka Annisa WCC and The Center For Women’s Studies at IAIN Sunan Kalijaga, and analyzed documents that were relevance with those three organizations such as brochures, books, journals, newspapers, and other written texts, and had some observations on the three organizations’ activities. Out of the obtained data, the writer finds that the three women organizations emerged as a response or political reaction against the New Order regime’s authoritarianism, as organizational response against the state women organization, and as an ideological response to gender and development concept. Since some obstacles’ existence either internal i.e. political authoritarianism or external i.e. human resource qualities and organizational dependency on donation board, the responses are carried out through limited approaches and empowerment strategies. In the reformation era, women organization’s response against political changes for the sake of women empowerment is done through several movements, approaches, strategies, programs, and other activities such as advocacies, researches, publications, and political bargaining. This research defines women organization as individuals’ collectiveness, either women or men, that has a common objective in empowering women’s lives by means of various movements.

Kata Kunci : Organisasi Perempuan,Perubahan Politik, Social Movement, Empowerment, Feminism