Depresi pasca melahirkan :: Studi kasus-pendekatan model kualitatif

HAEBA, Nurhaerani, Dr. Sofia Retnowati, MS

2005 | Tesis | S2 Psikologi (Psikologi Klinis)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap latar belakang penyebab terjadinya depresi pasca melahirkan. Fokus pembahasan diarahkan pada sejarah kehidupan subjek sejak masa kanak-kanak hingga dewasa untuk mengungkap peristiwa-peristiwa menekan sepanjang kehidupan sebagai awal terjadinya depresi pasca melahirkan, muatan emosi yang menyertai kehidupan menekan, simtom-simtom serta strategi mengatasi masalah yang dilakukan saat mengalami peristiwa menekan dan dua faktor yang mempengaruhi penilaian terhadap peristiwa menekan, yaitu: 1) Faktor internal yaitu karakter kepribadian ibu yang mengalami depresi pasca melahirkan; 2) Faktor eksternal, yang meliputi: a) Dukungan sosial; b) Faktor ekonomi; c) Faktor tuntutan budaya. Bentuk penelitian kualitatif yang dipilih adalah studi kasus. Subjek penelitian berjumlah lima ibu-ibu yang mengalami depresi pasca melahirkan, yang terdiri dari; dua subjek penelitian merupakan pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Kendari, dua subjek penelitian merupakan pasien rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Kendari dan satu subjek penelitian diperoleh melalui informasi keluarga subjek. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap subjek dan keluarga subjek. Instrumen penelitian adalah penulis sendiri dengan dipandu pedoman wawancara dan pedoman observasi. Derajat kepercayaan diperoleh dengan kontrol dan triangulasi. Data yang dikumpul dianalisis dengan model analisis dari Milles dan Huberman. Hasil Penelitian: Ditemukan bahwa kejadian menekan sebagai faktor awal pencetus munculnya depresi pasca melahirkan dengan melalui proses: terlebih dahulu melumpuhnya sumber internal (karakter kepribadian dan pola pikir negatif), pengurangnya perolehan dukungan sosial serta melemahnya efektifitas pengatasan masalah sehingga mengarahkan pada munculnya depresi pasca melahirkan.

The objective of this research was to investigate the factors caused by the postpartum depression. It was focused into the live record of the mother from childhood to adult to know the events which made them depressed, the emotional burdens, the symptoms and the way to solve the problem when they were being happened and two factors affected by the depression which can be seen from: 1) The internal factors i.e. the personal characters of the mothers and 2) The external factors which covered: a) social support; b) Economic factor; c) Cultural demand factor; It was a qualitative case study. The total of the subjects was five patients from mental hospital of Kendari. They were depressed postpartum mothers which consisted of two patients who got day care nursery, two out-patients and the one patient was taken her data from her relatives. The data were collected by means of observation and intensive interview through the subjects and their relatives. The instrument was designed by the writer herself to be based on the interview and observation guidelines. The degree of the accuracy was obtained from controlling and triangulation. The data were analysed by Milles and Huberman model. The result of the research was found that the problem arised as initial factor of post partum depression by the following process: firstly, the disability of the internal resource (personal character and negative thought pattern), secondly, the lack of social support as well as the weakness of the solving problem which finally have affected the postpartum deppression.

Kata Kunci : Depresi,Pasca Melahirkan, depression, postpartum